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Dictionary of LTE Acronyms
April 30, 2009 | By Wiley
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Transcript
LTE
The UMTS Long Term Evolution
A POCKET DICTIONARY OF ACRONYMS
Stefania Sesia Issam Toufik Matthew Baker . .
LTE
The UMTS Long Term Evolution
A POCKET DICTIONARY OF ACRONYMS
Stefania Sesia Issam Toufik Matthew Baker . .

LTE
.
The
UMTS
Long
Term
Evolution
A
Pocket
Dictionary
of
Acronyms


Stefania
Sesia,
Issam
Toufik
and
Matthew
Baker



c2009
Stefania
Sesia,
Issam
Toufik
and
Matthew
Baker
Figure
on
cover:
Reproduced
by
permission
of
c


3GPP



Dictionary
of
LTE
Acronyms


The
aim
of
this
list
is
to
provide
definitions
of
the
most
common
acronyms
related
to
LTE.
The
definitions
given
here
are
intended
for
guidance
only.
For
definitive
information
the
reader
should
refer
to
the
latest
versions
of
the
3GPP
specifications
and
other
relevant
docu
ments.


In
this
list,
the
following
acronyms
occur
many
times
and
are
not
expanded
on
each
oc
casion;
however,
their
definitions
can
be
found
under
their
own
entries
in
the
list.
GSM,
GPRS,
UMTS,
HSDPA,
HSUPA,
HSPA,
UTRA,
UTRAN,
E-UTRAN,
E-UTRA,
LTE,
UE,
eNodeB,
EDGE,
CDMA2000.


1xRTT
CDMA2000
1x
Radio
Transmission
Technology.
The
original
version
of
the
CDMA2000
system.
It
operates
using
a
single
(hence
‘1x’)
Radio
Frequency
(RF)
carrier
in
each
direction,
each
occupying
the
same
bandwidth
(1.25
MHz)
as
the
earlier
Interim
Standard-95
(IS-95).
See
www.cdg.org.


3rd

3GPP
Generation
Partnership
Project.
The
joint
standardization
partnership
re
sponsible
for
standardizing
UMTS,
HSPA
and
LTE.
See
www.3gpp.org.


3GPP2
3rd
Generation
Partnership
Project
ship
responsible
for
standardizing
www.3gpp2.org.
2.
The
joint
standardization
partner
CDMA2000
and
its
derivatives.
See
AAA
Authentication,
Authorization
and
Accounting.
These
processes
involve
es
tablishing
a
terminal’s
identity,
configuring
authorizations
to
access
particu
lar
types
of
service,
and
monitoring
traffic
volumes
for
each
user.
See
3GPP
TS29.273,
and
TS23.002
Sections
4.1.4.6
and
4.1.4.7.



DICTIONARY
OF
LTE
ACRONYMS


ABM
Asynchronous
Balanced
Mode.
A
mode
of
packet
data
transfer
used,
for
example,
by
the
Logical
Link
Control
(LLC)
layer
for
acknowledged
bi
directional
communication
between
a
mobile
station
and
a
Serving
GPRS
Support
Node
(SGSN),
which
includes
error
recovery
procedures
and
provides
in-sequence
delivery.
Balanced
mode
implies
that
the
station
at
either
end
of
the
link
has
the
right
to
set-up,
reset,
or
disconnect
a
link
at
any
time
(i.e.
there
is
no
master/slave
relationship).
See
3GPP
TS44.064.


ABQP
Aggregate
Base
Station
Subsystem
Quality
of
Service
Profile.
Defines
the
Quality
of
Service
(QoS)
profile
for
a
Base
Station
Subsystem
(BSS)
packet
flow
context.
See
3GPP
TS48.018
Section
11.3.43
and
TS24.008
Section


10.5.6.5.
AC
Access
Class.
All
UEs
are
randomly
allocated
to
one
of
ten
ACs,
the
allocated
AC
being
stored
in
the
Subscriber
Identity
Module/Universal
Subscriber
Iden
tity
Module
(SIM/USIM).
In
addition,
UEs
may
belong
to
a
special
AC
(e.g.
for
emergency
services
or
network
operators).
The
AC
is
used
in
determin
ing
whether
the
UE
may
attempt
to
access
the
network.
See
3GPP
TS22.011
Section
4.


ACI
Adjacent
Channel
Interference.
Received
interference
arising
from
transmis
sions
in
an
adjacent
Radio
Frequency
(RF)
channel.


ACIR
Adjacent
Channel
Interference
Ratio.
The
ratio
of
the
total
power
transmitted
from
a
source
to
the
total
interference
power
affecting
a
victim
receiver,
re
sulting
from
both
transmitter
and
receiver
imperfections.
It
is
a
function
of
the
Adjacent
Channel
Leakage
Ratio
(ACLR)
and
the
Adjacent
Channel
Selectiv


1

ity
(ACS),
i.e.
ACIR
∼.

=
=
11

+

ACLR
ACS


ACK
ACKnowledgment.
A
signal
transmitted
to
indicate
that
one
or
more
blocks
of
data
have
been
successfully
received
and
decoded.
It
is
used
in
Hybrid
Auto
matic
Repeat
reQuest
(HARQ),
as
well
as
in
Radio
Link
Control
(RLC)
level
ARQ.



DICTIONARY
OF
LTE
ACRONYMS


ACLR
Adjacent
Channel
Leakage
Ratio.
A
measure
of
the
power
which
leaks
into
cer
tain
specific
nearby
Radio
Frequency
(RF)
channels
as
a
result
of
transmitting
in
a
given
channel.
It
provides
an
estimate
of
how
much
a
neighbouring
radio
receiver
will
be
affected
by
the
Out
Of
Band
(OOB)
emissions
from
a
trans
mitter.
It
is
defined
as
the
ratio
of
the
filtered
mean
power
in
a
set
bandwidth
within
the
wanted
channel
to
the
filtered
mean
power
in
an
adjacent
channel.
See
3GPP
TS36.101
Section
6.6.2.3.


ACRR
Adjacent
Channel
Rejection
Ratio.
Used
in
the
context
of
repeaters.
It
is
the
ra
tio
of
the
Root
Raised
Cosine
(RRC)
weighted
gain
per
carrier
of
the
repeater
in
the
pass
band
to
the
RRC
weighted
gain
of
the
repeater
on
an
adjacent
channel.
See
3GPP
TS
36.106
Section
13.


ACS
Adjacent
Channel
Selectivity.
A
measure
of
a
receiver’s
ability
to
receive
a
wanted
signal
at
its
assigned
channel
frequency
in
the
presence
of
an
adjacent
channel
interfering
signal
at
a
given
frequency
offset
from
the
centre
frequency
of
the
assigned
channel,
without
the
interfering
signal
causing
a
degradation
of
the
receiver
performance
beyond
a
specified
limit.
ACS
is
predominantly
defined
by
the
ratio
of
the
receive
filter
attenuation
on
the
assigned
channel
frequency
to
the
receive
filter
attenuation
on
the
adjacent
channel.
See
3GPP
TS36.101
Section
7.5.


ADC
Analogue
to
Digital
Converter.
A
processor
which
samples
and
quantizes
an
analogue
input
signal
to
convert
it
to
a
digital
output
signal.


ADM
Asynchronous
Disconnected
Mode.
A
mode
of
packet
data
transfer
used
by
the
Logical
Link
Control
(LLC)
layer
for
unacknowledged
communication
be
tween
a
mobile
station
and
a
Serving
GPRS
Support
Node
(SGSN),
without
prior
establishment
of
a
logical
connection.
Error
recovery
procedures
are
not
provided,
and
in-sequence
delivery
is
not
guaranteed.
See
3GPP
TS44.064.


ADSL
Asymmetric
Digital
Subscriber
Line.
It
is
a
means
of
providing
high-speed
data
transmission
over
conventional
twisted-pair
copper
telephone
lines,
by
frequency-division
multiplexing
with
analogue
voice
traffic.
Higher
download
speeds
are
provided
than
upload
speeds.


AES
Advanced
Encryption
Standard.
See
Federal
Information
Processing
Standards
Publication
197,
available
from
www.csrc.nist.gov.



4
DICTIONARY
OF
LTE
ACRONYMS
AF
Application
Function.
An
element
offering
applications
that
require
the
control
of
Internet
Protocol
(IP)
bearer
resources,
such
as
dynamic
policy
or
charging
control.
See
for
example
3GPP
TS23.207
Section
5.2.4
and
TS23.203
Section
6.2.3.
AKA
Authentication
and
Key
Agreement.
The
process
by
which
the
Authentication
Centre
(AuC)
and
UE
exchange
information
by
which
they
can
each
verify
a
secret
key
held
by
the
other,
and
then
calculate
keys
to
be
used
for
ciphering
and
integrity
protection
of
data
transmitted
between
the
UE
and
the
network.
See
3GPP
TS33.102
Section
6.3
and
TS33.401
Section
6.1.
AM
Acknowledged
Mode.
One
of
three
Radio
Link
Control
(RLC)
modes
(the
other
two
being
Transparent
Mode
(TM)
and
Unacknowledged
Mode
(UM)).
It
includes
Automatic
Repeat
reQuest
(ARQ)
for
error-free
packet
delivery.
See
3GPP
TS36.322.
AMBR
Aggregated
Maximum
Bit-Rate.
The
upper
limit
on
the
aggregate
bit
rate
that
can
be
expected
to
be
provided
across
all
non-Guaranteed
Bit
Rate
(GBR)
bearers.
Excess
traffic
may,
for
example,
be
discarded
by
a
rate-shaping
func
tion.
Each
non-GBR
bearer
could
potentially
utilize
the
entire
AMBR,
for
example
when
the
other
non-GBR
bearers
are
not
carrying
any
traffic.
See
3GPP
TS23.401
Section
4.7.3.


AMC
Adaptive
Modulation
and
Coding.
A
form
of
link
adaptation
which
adjusts
the
transmitted
information
data
rate
by
varying
the
modulation
order
and
the
Forward
Error
Correction
(FEC)
code
rate.
This
is
typically
done
to
match
an
estimate
of
the
instantaneous
radio
channel
capacity.


AMD
Acknowledged
Mode
Data.
The
type
of
Protocol
Data
Unit
(PDU)
used
to
carry
user
plane
data
in
Radio
Link
Control
(RLC)
Acknowledged
Mode
(AM).
The
PDU
header
contains
special
fields
to
support
the
RLC
Automatic
Repeat
reQuest
(ARQ)
mechanism.
See
3GPP
TS36.322
Section
6.


AMN
Artificial
Mains
Network.
A
model
of
the
mains
electricity
supply
to
which
equipment
is
connected,
used
for
ElectroMagnetic
Compatibility
(EMC)
emis
sions
testing.
See
3GPP
TS36.113
Section
8.3.2
and
www.iec.ch.



DICTIONARY
OF
LTE
ACRONYMS


A-MPR
Additional
Maximum
Power
Reduction.
An
additional
value
of
maximum
al
lowed
uplink
power
reduction
used
to
meet
additional
adjacent
carrier
leakage
ratio
and
spectrum
emission
requirements
which
are
signalled
by
the
network
in
a
specific
deployment
scenario.
See
3GPP
TS36.101
Section
6.2.4.


AMR
Adaptive
Multi-Rate.
A
type
of
source
coding,
often
used
for
digital
speech
transmission,
whereby
the
bit
rate
of
the
generated
data
stream
is
adapted
by
varying
the
encoded
quality
of
the
signal.
The
different
output
data
rates
are
provided
by
switching
between
different
source
codecs.
See
3GPP
TS26.071
and
TS26.171.
ANR
Automatic
Neighbour
Relation.
A
function
by
which
eNodeBs
can
automati
cally
determine
which
cells
are
their
neighbours.
See
3GPP
TS36.300
Section
22.3.2.


AoA
Angle-of-Arrival.
The
angle
(usually
azimuth)
from
which
a
signal
arrives
rel
ative
to
a
reference
angle
of
an
antenna
array.


AoD
Angle-of-Departure.
The
angle
(usually
azimuth)
at
which
a
signal
is
transmit
ted
relative
to
a
reference
angle
of
an
antenna
array.


AP
Application
Protocol.
Many
APs
are
part
of
the
Control-plane
of
E-UTRAN
and
operate
across
the
S1
and
X2
interfaces
(S1-AP
and
X2-AP
respectively),
performing
functions
such
as
setting
up
Evolved
Packet
System
(EPS)
bearers.
See
3GPP
TS36.401
Section
11.1.2.
APN
Access
Point
Name.
Identifies
a
Gateway
GPRS
Support
Node
(GGSN)
or
Packet
Data
Network
GateWay
(P-GW).
It
includes
an
APN
network
identifi
er
which
defines
the
Packet
Data
Network
(PDN)
to
which
the
UE
requests
connectivity,
and
may
also
include
an
APN
operator
identifier
which
defines
in
which
Public
Land
Mobile
Network
(PLMN)
the
P-GW
or
GGSN
is
located.
See
3GPP
TS23.003
Sections
9
and
19.4.2.2.
ARFCN
Absolute
Radio
Frequency
Channel
Number.
An
ARFCN
defines
a
pair
of
Radio
Frequency
(RF)
channel
frequencies
for
uplink
and
downlink
use.
See
3GPP
TS45.005
Section
2
for
the
ARFCN
for
GSM,
TS25.101
Section
5.4
for
the
UARFCN
for
UMTS
and
TS36.101
Section
5.4
for
the
EARFCN
for
LTE.
ARFCN
and
UARFCN
are
based
on
a
200
kHz
channel
raster,
while
EARFCN
is
based
on
a
100
kHz
channel
raster.



DICTIONARY
OF
LTE
ACRONYMS


ARIB
Association
of
Radio
Industries
and
Businesses.
One
of
the
Japanese
Stan
dards
Development
Organisations
(SDOs)
in
3GPP
(the
other
being
TTC).
See
www.arib.or.jp.


ARP
Allocation
and
Retention
Priority.
A
parameter
of
the
Quality
of
Service
(QoS)
profile
of
an
Evolved
Packet
System
(EPS)
bearer.
It
is
designed
to
facilitate
decisions
as
to
whether
a
bearer
establishment/modification
request
can
be
ac
cepted.
See
3GPP
TS23.401
Section
4.7.3.


ARQ
Automatic
Repeat
reQuest.
A
scheme
whereby
the
receiving
terminal
requests
retransmission
of
packets
which
are
detected
to
be
erroneous.
It
is
used
in
Radio
Link
Control
(RLC)
Acknowledged
Mode
(AM),
as
well
as
being
a
component
of
Hybrid
ARQ
(HARQ).
AS
Access
Stratum.
Consists
of
the
functions
and
protocols
used
to
transfer
infor
mation
across
a
specific
Radio
Access
Technology
(RAT).
AS
Angular
Spread.
A
measure
of
the
width
of
a
transmitted
(or
received)
signal
beam
or
set
of
signal
paths,
usually
in
the
azimuth
plane.


A-SEM
Additional
Spectrum
Emission
Mask.
Specifies
additional
spectral
emission
constraints
for
particular
deployment
scenarios.
A
UE
is
instructed
when
it
has
to
apply
an
A-SEM
by
signalling
from
the
network,
typically
as
part
of
a
cell
handover/broadcast
message.
See
3GPP
TS36.101
Section
6.6.2.2.


ASME
Access
Security
Management
Entity.
The
entity
which
receives
the
top-level
keys
in
an
access
network
from
the
Home
Subscriber
Server
(HSS).
For
E
UTRAN
access
networks,
the
role
of
the
ASME
is
assumed
by
the
Mobility
Management
Entity
(MME).
See
3GPP
TS33.401.


ASN.1
Abstract
Syntax
Notation
1.
A
standardized
notation
used
to
describe
structures
for
representing,
encoding,
transmitting,
and
decoding
data;
it
is
used
for
some
UMTS
and
LTE
protocol
specifications
(e.g.
Radio
Resource
Control
(RRC)
signalling
definition.
See
3GPP
TS36.331.



DICTIONARY
OF
LTE
ACRONYMS


ATIS
Alliance
for
Telecommunications
Industry
Solutions.
The
North
American
Standards
Development
Organization
(SDO)
in
3GPP.
See
www.atis.org.


ATT
Attenuator.
Used
in
conformance
testing,
to
set
the
desired
power
of
received
signals
or
interference,
for
example
modelling
propagation
loss.
See
3GPP
TS36.508
Annex
A
and
TS36.141
Annex
I.
AuC
Authentication
Centre.
Can
be
considered
to
be
a
subset
of
a
Home
Subscriber
Server
(HSS).
It
stores
an
identity
key
for
each
mobile
subscriber
registered
with
a
Home
Location
Register
(HLR).
This
key
is
used
to
generate
security
data.
See
3GPP
TS23.002.
AWGN
Additive
White
Gaussian
Noise.
Noise
with
a
flat
power
spectrum
and
Gaus
sian
amplitude
distribution.
It
is
generally
added
to
a
received
signal
to
simulate
the
effect
of
thermal
noise
and
other
sources
of
noise
or
interference.


BCC
Base
station
Colour
Code.
The
least-significant
3
bits
of
a
Base
Station
Identifi
cation
Code
(BSIC).
See
3GPP
TS23.003.


BCCH
Broadcast
Control
CHannel.
In
LTE,
it
represents
the
logical
channel
carrying
broadcast
system
information.
See
3GPP
TS36.321.


BCH
Broadcast
CHannel.
In
LTE,
the
transport
channel
carrying
broadcast
system
information
except
that
which
is
contained
in
the
Master
Information
Block
(MIB).
See
3GPP
TS36.321.


BCM
Bearer
Control
Mode.
BCM
can
indicate
‘mobile
station
only’
or
‘mobile
sta
tion
/
network’.
When
the
BCM
is
‘mobile
station
only’,
the
mobile
station
requests
any
additional
Packet
Data
Protocol
(PDP)
contexts
for
the
PDP
Ad
dress
/
Access
Point
Name
(APN)
pair.
In
the
case
of
‘mobile
station/network’
,
both
the
mobile
station
and
the
Packet
Data
Network
GateWay
(P-GW)
or
Gateway
GPRS
Support
Node
(GGSN)
may
request
additional
PDP
contexts.
See
3GPP
TS29.060
Section
7.7.83.


BER
Bit
Error
Rate.
A
measure
of
received
signal
quality:
the
proportion
of
received
bits
which
is
decoded
erroneously.



8
DICTIONARY
OF
LTE
ACRONYMS
BI
Backoff
Indicator.
Indicates
the
upper
limit
for
a
random
backoff
period
by
which
a
UE
has
to
delay
a
new
random
access
attempt
if
a
response
has
not
been
received
to
a
first
random
access
attempt.
The
BI
may
be
used
for
example
in
network
overload
situations.
See
3GPP
TS36.321
Sections
5.1
and
7.2.
BLER
Block
Error
Rate.
A
measure
of
received
signal
quality:
the
proportion
of
received
data
blocks
which
is
decoded
erroneously.
Usually
this
refers
to
trans
port
blocks,
and
the
errors
are
detected
by
Cyclic
Redundancy
Check
(CRC)
failure.
BM-SC
Broadcast-Multicast
Service
Centre.
The
interface
between
external
broad
cast/multicast
content
providers
and
the
core
network.
See
3GPP
TS23.246
Section
5.1.
BP
Bandwidth
Part.
A
part
of
the
total
downlink
system
bandwidth,
which
is
further
subdivided
into
a
number
of
sub-bands.
It
is
applicable
to
periodic
‘UE
selected
sub-band’
Channel
Quality
Indicator
(CQI)
reporting
on
the
Physical
Uplink
Control
CHannel
(PUCCH).
The
UE
selects
one
sub-band
from
the
BP
and
the
corresponding
CQI
value
is
reported.
See
3GPP
TS36.213
Section
7.2.2.
BPSK
Binary
Phase
Shift
Keying
modulation.
A
modulation
scheme
conveying
one
bit
per
symbol,
whereby
the
values
of
the
bit
are
represented
by
opposite
phases
of
the
carrier.
BS
Base
Station.
The
entity
in
a
radio
access
network
responsible
for
radio
trans
mission
and
reception
in
one
or
more
cells
to
and
from
the
UE.
In
LTE
the
BS
is
known
as
the
eNodeB.
BSIC
Base
Station
Identification
Code.
A
6-bit
code
which
allows
a
mobile
station
to
distinguish
between
different
neighbouring
GSM
base
stations.
It
is
made
up
of
a
Network
Colour
Code
(NCC)
and
a
Base
station
Colour
Code
(BCC).
See
3GPP
TS23.003.
BSR
Buffer
Status
Report.
Medium
Access
Control
(MAC)-level
messages
trans
mitted
by
the
UE
to
the
serving
eNodeB
to
provide
the
eNodeB
with
infor
mation
about
the
amount
of
data
in
the
uplink
buffers
of
the
UE.
See
3GPP
TS36.321
Section
5.4.5.



DICTIONARY
OF
LTE
ACRONYMS


BSS
Base
Station
Subsystem.
Either
a
full
GSM/EDGE
Radio
Access
Network
(GERAN)
network,
or
only
the
access
part
of
a
GERAN,
offering
the
allo
cation,
release
and
management
of
specific
radio
resources
to
establish
means
of
connection
between
a
mobile
station
and
the
GERAN.


BTS
Base
Transceiver
Station.
The
base
station
in
a
GSM
system.


BW
Bandwidth.
A
measure
of
the
width
of
a
range
of
frequencies,
measured
in
Hertz.
C/I
Carrier-to-Interference
Ratio.
The
ratio
between
the
power
of
the
Radio
Fre
quency
(RF)
carrier
bearing
the
wanted
signal
and
the
total
power
of
interfering
signals.
CAC
Call
Admission
Control.
The
process
by
which
the
network
decides
whether
or
not
to
admit
a
new
call.


CAZAC
Constant
Amplitude
Zero
Auto-Correlation.
A
property
exhibited
by
certain
sequences,
such
as
Zadoff-Chu
(ZC)
sequences,
whereby
the
sequences
have
constant
amplitude
and
zero
circular
autocorrelation
at
all
points
except
zero
lag.


CB
Circular
Buffer.
A
buffer
in
which
data
is
read
in
and
out
cyclically,
such
that
when
the
end
of
the
buffer
is
reached
the
process
continues
at
the
beginning.
See
3GPP
TS36.212
Section
5.1.4.1.2.


CBC
Cell
Broadcast
Centre.
The
part
of
the
Core
Network
(CN)
which
manages
Cell
Broadcast
Service
(CBS)
messages.
See
3GPP
TS23.002
Section
4a.5.1.


CBE
Cell
Broadcast
Entity.
An
information
source,
external
to
the
3GPP
system,
which
provides
the
content
of
a
Cell
Broadcast
Service
(CBS).
This
may
include
emergency
public
warnings.
See
3GPP
TS23.401
Section
5.12
and
TS23.041
Section
4.



10
DICTIONARY
OF
LTE
ACRONYMS
CBS
Cell
Broadcast
Service.
A
service
analogous
to
Teletex,
which
broadcasts
un
acknowledged
messages
to
all
mobile
terminals
within
a
particular
region.
See
3GPP
TS23.041.
CC
Convolutional
Code.
A
type
of
Forward
Error
Correction
(FEC)
code
in
which
k input
bits
to
be
encoded
are
fed
into
a
shift
register
with
a
number
stages
corresponding
to
the
memory
of
the
CC,
and
n output
bits
are
taken
from
the
shift
register
as
a
linear
combination
of
the
content
of
the
shift
register.
The
code
rate
is
given
by
k/n.
CCCH
Common
Control
CHannel.
In
LTE,
a
logical
channel
used
to
deliver
control
information
(in
both
uplink
and
downlink
directions)
during
connection
estab
lishment.
See
3GPP
TS36.321.
CCE
Control
Channel
Element.
A
set
of
36
resource
elements
to
which
part
or
all
of
a
Physical
Downlink
Control
CHannel
(PDCCH)
message
can
be
mapped.
See
3GPP
TS36.211
Section
6.8.1.
CCO
Cell
Change
Order.
A
message
from
E-UTRAN
to
a
UE
in
RRC_CONNECTED
mode,
instructing
it
to
move
to
a
GSM/EDGE
Ra
dio
Access
Network
(GERAN),
including
information
facilitating
access
to
and/or
connection
establishment
in
the
target
cell.
See
3GPP
TS36.331
Section
5.4.3.
CCSA
China
Communications
Standards
Association.
The
Chinese
Standards
Devel
opment
Organization
(SDO)
in
3GPP.
See
www.ccsa.org.cn.


CDD
Cyclic
Delay
Diversity.
A
form
of
transmit
diversity
whereby
a
different
phase
shift
is
applied
to
each
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiplexing
(OFDM)
subcarrier
on
at
least
one
of
the
multiple
transmit
antennas
from
which
the
sub-
carrier
is
transmitted,
thereby
increasing
the
frequency
selectivity
of
the
radio
channel.
In
the
time
domain
this
is
equivalent
to
introducing
a
delay
which
is
cyclic
because
it
is
applied
before
insertion
of
the
Cyclic
Prefix
(CP).


CDL
Clustered
Delay
Line.
A
type
of
channel
model
in
which
the
received
signal
is
composed
of
a
number
of
separate
delayed
clusters.
Each
cluster
comprises
a
number
of
multipath
components
with
the
same
delay
but
different
Angle
of
Departure
(AoD)
and
Angle
of
Arrival
(AoA).



DICTIONARY
OF
LTE
ACRONYMS


CDM
Code
Division
Multiplex(ed/ing).
A
method
of
multiplexing
different
data
sig
nals
by
means
of
different
codes,
rather
than
different
frequencies
or
timeslots.
The
codes
used
for
different
signals
may
be
orthogonal
to
each
other,
or
may
be
pseudo-random.
They
have
a
wider
bandwidth
than
the
data
signals.
CDM
is
the
main
multiplexing
mode
in
UMTS.


CDMA
Code
Division
Multiple
Access.
A
scheme
allowing
multiple
users
to
access
a
given
radio
channel
by
the
use
of
CDM
to
multiplex
the
data
signals
of
the
different
users.
CDMA
is
the
main
multiple
access
mode
of
UMTS.


CDN
Coupling/Decoupling
Network.
A
capacitor/inductor
network
used
to
connect
equipment
being
tested
for
ElectroMagnetic
Compatibility
(EMC)
compliance
to
a
power
supply.
The
coupling
network
allows
Radio
Frequency
(RF)
com
mon
mode
current
disturbance
signals
through
the
various
conductors
to
the
equipment
under
test,
while
the
decoupling
network
is
designed
to
handle
sig
nals
emitted
by
the
equipment
under
test.
See
3GPP
TS36.113
and
IEC
61000
(www.iec.ch).


CF
Contention-Free.
Referring
to
the
random
access
procedure,
CF
is
an
access
mode
in
which
only
one
user
has
permission
to
access
a
given
transmission
resource.
CF
random
access
operates
in
LTE
by
assigning
a
dedicated
Random
Access
CHannel
(RACH)
preamble
signature
to
a
particular
UE
for
transmis
sion
in
a
particular
RACH
slot.
This
is
in
contrast
to
contention-based
random
access,
where
multiple
users
may
transmit
a
signal
in
the
same
time-frequency
resources,
and
a
contention
resolution
procedure
is
then
required
to
separate
the
different
users.
See
3GPP
TS36.321
Section
10.1.5.2.
Referring
to
turbo-code
interleaver
design,
CF
describes
an
interleaver
in
which
the
turbo-decoder
can
operate
to
perform
the
necessary
exchanges
of
mutual
in
formation
between
the
consitutent
decoders
without
reading
and
writing
from
the
same
memory
block
at
the
same
time.
The
turbo-code
interleaver
adopted
for
LTE
is
CF.


CFI
Control
Format
Indicator.
Indicates
the
number
of
Orthogonal
Frequency
Divi
sion
Multiplexed
(OFDM)
symbols
used
for
control
signalling
in
each
down
link
subframe.
See
3GPP
TS36.212
Section
5.3.4.


CFO
Carrier
Frequency
Offset.
The
difference
between
a
reference
frequency
and
the
frequency
of
a
received
Radio
Frequency
(RF)
carrier.
Typically
the
refer
ence
frequency
is
provided
by
a
local
oscillator
in
the
radio
receiver.



DICTIONARY
OF
LTE
ACRONYMS


CGI
Cell
Global
Identification.
The
globally
unique
identity
of
a
cell
in
GSM/EDGE
Radio
Access
Network
(GERAN)
or
CDMA2000.


CHAP
Challenge
Handshake
Authentication
Protocol.
Used
by
the
Point-to-Point
Pro
tocol
(PPP)
to
validate
the
identity
of
users.
See
IETF
RFC1994,
www.ietf.org.


CID
Cell
IDentifier.
In
LTE,
an
identifier
of
a
particular
cell,
either
a
Physical
CID
or
a
Global
CID.
Up
to
504
Physical
CIDs
are
available.


CID
Context
IDentifier.
A
RObust
Header
Compression
(ROHC)
parameter
which
is
associated
with
each
compressed
data
flow
and
which
identifies
the
state
maintained
by
the
compressor
and
decompressor
in
order
to
com
press/decompress
the
headers
of
the
packet
stream.
The
CID
is
transmitted
together
with
the
compressed
headers
and
feedback
information.
See
IETF
RFC3095,
www.ietf.org.


CINR
Carrier-to-Interference-and-Noise
Ratio.
The
ratio
between
the
power
of
the
Radio
Frequency
(RF)
carrier
bearing
the
wanted
signal
and
the
total
power
of
interfering
signals
and
thermal
noise.


CIR
Channel
Impulse
Response.
The
time-domain
complex
signal
received
at
the
output
of
a
radio
propagation
channel
in
response
to
the
transmission
of
a
single
signal
impulse
of
vanishingly
short
duration.
It
provides
information
on
the
power,
phase
and
delay
of
the
different
paths
of
the
channel.


CKSN
Ciphering
Key
Sequence
Number.
In
a
UMTS
authentication
challenge,
the
CKSN
enables
the
network
to
verify
the
instance
of
the
ciphering
key
and
integrity
key
which
are
stored
in
the
mobile
terminal
without
invoking
the
au
thentication
procedure.
See
3GPP
TS24.008
Section
10.5.1.2.


CM
Cubic
Metric.
The
CM
of
a
given
signal
is
a
measure
of
the
transmit
power
de-rating
needed
to
enable
a
Power
Amplifier
(PA)
to
transmit
the
signal
com
pared
to
the
de-rating
required
for
transmission
of
a
reference
signal
for
the
same
Adjacent
Carrier
Leakage
Ratio
(ACLR).
The
CM
characterizes
the
ef
fects
of
the
third-order
(cubic)
non-linearity
of
the
PA.
See
for
example
3GPP
TS25.101
Section
6.2.2.



DICTIONARY
OF
LTE
ACRONYMS


CMC
Connection
Mobility
Control.
Comprises
the
functions
executed
by
the
eN
odeB
to
manage
mobility
and
handover
in
both
idle
and
connected
modes.
See
3GPP
TS36.300
Section
16.1.3
and
TS36.133.


CMHH
Constant
Modulus
Householder.
A
Householder
matrix
is
given
by
WH
=
I.


H

2uu H/uu where
Iis
the
identity
matrix
and
u is
a
predefined
column
vector.
If
all
the
column
vectors
in
the
matrix
have
equal
magnitude,
the
matrix
is
said
to
possess
the
constant
modulus
property.
Codebooks
comprised
of
CMHH
matrices
were
considered
for
precoding
in
LTE.
In
such
an
application,
the
constant
modulus
property
limits
the
Peak
to
Average
Power
Ratio
(PAPR)
of
the
transmitted
signals.


CN
Core
Network.
The
part
of
the
3GPP
system
which
is
independent
of
the
con
nection
technology
(e.g.
the
Radio
Access
Technology
(RAT))
of
the
terminals.
The
terminals
connect
to
the
core
network
via
the
access
network
(which
is
RAT-specific).


COFDM
Coded
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiplexing.
An
OFDM
scheme
asso
ciated
with
a
Forward
Error
Correction
(FEC)
code.


CP
Cyclic
Prefix.
A
set
of
samples
which
are
duplicated
from
the
end
of
a
trans
mitted
symbol
and
appended
cyclically
to
the
beginning
of
the
symbol.
This
can
form
a
type
of
guard
interval
to
absorb
Inter-Symbol
Interference
(ISI).
The
cyclic
construction
preserves
orthogonality
of
the
subcarriers
in
an
OFDM
transmission.
CPICH
Common
PIlot
CHannel.
A
Wideband
Code
Division
Multiple
Access
(WCDMA)
downlink
physical
channel
transmitted
from
every
NodeB
to
pro
vide
the
default
phase
reference
for
demodulation
of
the
other
downlink
chan
nels.
It
is
used
for
signal
quality
measurements
for
handover
from
an
LTE
cell
to
a
WCDMA
cell.
See
3GPP
TS25.211
Section
5.3.3.
CPICH
Ec/No
Common
PIlot
CHannel
(CPICH)
Ec/No.
The
CPICH
received
energy
per
chip
divided
by
the
noise
power
density
in
the
band.
A
measurement
used
for
han
dover
to
Wideband
Code
Division
Multiple
Access
(WCDMA)
cells.
See
3GPP
TS25.215
Section
5.1.5.



14
DICTIONARY
OF
LTE
ACRONYMS
C-plane
Control-plane.
Carries
signalling
(for
example
for
Radio
Resource
Control
(RRC)),
as
opposed
to
user
data,
which
is
carried
by
the
User-plane
(U-plane).
See
3GPP
TS36.300
Section
4.3.2.
CPT
Control
Protocol
Data
Unit
Type.
A
field
in
the
header
of
LTE
Radio
Link
Control
(RLC)
Control
Protocol
Data
Units
(PDUs),
indicating
the
type
of
the
RLC
Control
PDU.
In
Release
8,
the
only
type
of
RLC
Control
PDU
defined
is
the
STATUS
PDU;
the
CPT
field
allows
more
types
to
be
defined
in
a
later
release.
See
3GPP
TS36.322
Section
6.2.1.6.
CQI
Channel
Quality
Indicator.
Information
signalled
by
a
UE
to
the
base
station
to
indicate
a
suitable
data
rate
(typically
a
Modulation
and
Coding
Scheme
(MCS)
value)
for
downlink
transmissions,
usually
based
on
a
measurement
of
the
received
downlink
Signal
to
Interference
plus
Noise
Ratio
(SINR)
and
knowledge
of
the
UE’s
receiver
characteristics.
See
3GPP
TS36.213
Section
7.2.3.
CR
Change
Request.
A
formal
description
of
a
proposed
or
agreed
change
to
a
3GPP
specification.
Any
change
to
a
3GPP
specification
v3.0.0
or
above
needs
to
be
formulated
and
agreed
by
means
of
a
CR.
CRC
Cyclic
Redundancy
Check.
An
error
detecting
code
appended
to
a
block
of
data
to
be
transmitted.
The
value
of
the
CRC
is
calculated
only
from
the
block
of
data
itself.
The
length
of
the
CRC
determines
the
number
of
errors
which
can
be
detected
in
the
block
of
data
on
reception.
A
CRC
is
not
able
to
correct
errors
or
determine
which
bits
are
erroneous.
C-RNTI
Cell
Radio
Network
Temporary
Identifier.
A
UE
identifier
allocated
by
an
eN
odeB
and
unique
within
one
cell
controlled
by
that
eNodeB.
The
C-RNTI
can
be
reallocated
when
a
UE
moves
to
a
new
cell.
See
3GPP
TS36.321
Section
7.1.
CS
Circuit
Switched.
A
CS
connection
reserves
dedicated
transmission
resources
for
data
transfer
at
a
fixed
rate
for
the
duration
of
the
communication
session.
The
reserved
resources
are
not
accessible
to
any
other
user.



DICTIONARY
OF
LTE
ACRONYMS


CSFB
Circuit
Switched
FallBack.
CSFB
in
the
Evolved
Packet
System
(EPS)
en
ables
the
provisioning
of
voice
and
other
CS-domain
services
by
reuse
of
GSM/EDGE
Radio
Access
Network
(GERAN)
or
UTRAN
CS
infrastructure
when
the
UE
is
served
by
E-UTRAN.
This
function
is
only
available
if
E
UTRAN
coverage
is
overlapped
by
GERAN
or
UTRAN
coverage.


CSG
Closed
Subscriber
Group.
A
set
of
subscribers
who
are
permitted
to
access
a
particular
cell
to
which
access
is
restricted.
See
3GPP
TS25.367
and
TS36.304.


CSI
Channel
State
Information.
A
general
term
for
information
describing
charac
teristics
of
the
radio
channel,
typically
indicating
the
complex
transfer
function
matrix
between
one
or
more
transmit
antennas
and
one
or
more
receive
anten
nas.


CSIT
Channel
State
Information
at
the
Transmitter.
Channel
State
Information
(CSI)
which
is
available
at
the
transmitter
side
of
the
channel,
for
example
as
a
result
of
feedback
signalling
from
the
receiver
(closed
loop)
or
open
loop
estimation
exploiting
reciprocity.


CTF
Channel
Transfer
Function.
A
set
of
coefficients
describing
the
complex
im
pulse
response
(or
frequency-domain
characteristic)
of
a
radio
channel
from
one
or
more
transmit
antennas
to
one
or
more
receive
antennas.
CW
Continuous-Wave.
An
unmodulated
Radio
Frequency
(RF)
carrier
of
constant
amplitude
and
frequency,
used
to
model
interference
in
some
RF
performance
requirements.
See
3GPP
TS36.101.
d.c.
direct
current.
In
general,
a
signal
of
fixed
polarity
(i.e.
non-oscillating).
Used
to
refer
to
the
subcarrier
corresponding
to
zero-frequency
in
a
baseband
Or
thogonal
Frequnecy
Domain
Multiplexed
(OFDM)
signal.


DAC
Digital
to
Analogue
Converter.
A
processor
which
converts
a
sampled,
quan
tized
digital
input
signal
into
a
continuous-time
analogue-valued
output
signal.



16
DICTIONARY
OF
LTE
ACRONYMS
DAI
Downlink
Assignment
Index.
A
field
in
the
downlink
resource
grant
signalled
to
a
UE,
indicating
how
many
subframes
in
a
previous
time
window
have
contained
transmissions
to
that
UE.
This
is
applicable
only
when
LTE
is
op
erated
in
Time
Domain
Duplex
(TDD)
mode,
and
enables
the
UE
to
deter
mine
whether
it
has
received
all
the
downlink
transport
blocks
for
which
it
should
transmit
a
combined
ACKnowledgement/Negative
ACKnowledgement
(ACK/NACK).
See
3GPP
TS36.213
Section
7.3.
DCCH
Dedicated
Control
CHannel.
In
LTE,
a
logical
channel
used
to
deliver
dedicated
control
information
relating
to
a
specific
UE
(in
both
uplink
and
downlink
di
rections),
when
the
UE
has
a
Radio
Resource
Control
(RRC)
connection
with
the
eNodeB.
See
3GPP
TS36.321.


DCI
Downlink
Control
Information.
The
term
used
to
describe
the
control
signalling
messages
transmitted
on
the
Physical
Downlink
Control
CHannel
(PDCCH),
including
for
example
downlink
resource
assignments
(for
the
Physical
Dwon
link
Shared
CHannel
(PDSCH))
and
uplink
transmission
grants
(for
the
Physi
cal
Uplink
Shared
CHannel
(PUSCH)).
See
3GPP
TS36.212
Section
5.3.3.


DFT
Discrete
Fourier
Transform.
A
transformation
which
acts
on
a
sampled
time-
domain
signal
of
finite
duration
to
give
the
corresponding
series
of
frequency-
domain
components.
For
a
series
of
time-domain
samples
x0,...,xN.1,
the


PN.1
2kn
.j

N

DFT
X0,...,XN.1
is
given
by
Xk =
e.


n=0
xn

DFT-S-
Discrete
Fourier
Transform-Spread-Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multi-

OFDM
plexing.
A
transmission
scheme
similar
to
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiplexing
(OFDM),
but
with
a
Discrete
Fourier
Transform
(DFT)
precoding
stage
applied
before
the
Inverse
Fast
Fourier
Transform
(IFFT)
at
the
transmit
ter,
resulting
in
a
single-carrier
signal
with
significantly
lower
Peak
to
Average
Power
Ratio
(PAPR)
than
OFDM.
It
is
also
known
as
Single
Carrier-Frequency
Division
Multiplexing
(SC-FDM),
and
is
the
basis
of
the
LTE
uplink.


DHCP
Dynamic
Host
Configuration
Protocol.
A
protocol
used
to
allocate
Internet
Pro
tocol
(IP)
addresses
and
other
configuration
parameters
to
devices
in
an
IP
network.
See
IETF
RFC1531,
www.ietf.org.



DICTIONARY
OF
LTE
ACRONYMS


Diffserv
Differentiated
Services.
Diffserv
is
a
coarse-grained
mechanism
for
classifying
data
traffic
into
classes
depending
on
the
Quality
of
Service
(QoS)
require
ments
of
each
data
traffic
flow.
It
facilitates
interoperability
between
different
networks,
enabling
data
from
each
class
to
be
handled
with
appropriate
priority
and
latency.
See
IETF
RFC2475,
www.ietf.org.


DL
DownLink.
The
radio
link
in
the
direction
from
the
base
station
to
the
mobile
terminal.
DL-SCH
DownLink
Shared
CHannel.
An
LTE
transport
channel
used
to
transport
down
link
user
data
or
Radio
Resource
Control
(RRC)
messages,
as
well
as
system
information
which
are
not
transported
via
the
Broadcast
CHannel
(BCH).
See
3GPP
TS36.321.


DM
RS
DeModulation
Reference
Signal.
Reference
Signals
(RS)
which
are
embed
ded
in
the
Physical
Uplink
Control
CHannel
(PUCCH)
and
Physical
Uplink
Shared
CHannel
(PUSCH)
transmissions
to
provide
the
phase
reference
for
demodulation
of
the
PUCCH/PUSCH
data.
See
3GPP
TS36.211
Section
5.5.2.


DoA
Direction
of
Arrival.
The
angle
(usually
azimuth)
from
which
a
signal
arrives
relative
to
a
reference
angle
of
an
antenna
array.


DRA
Dynamic
Resource
Allocation.
The
process
of
assigning
resource
blocks
to
dif
ferent
radio
bearers
in
each
subframe.
This
function
is
managed
by
the
eNodeB.
See
3GPP
TS36.300
Section
16.1.4.


DRB
Data
Radio
Bearer.
A
radio
bearer
which
carriers
user
data
as
opposed
to
con
trol
plane
signalling.


DRX
Discontinuous
Reception.
The
periodic
switching
off
of
a
receiver,
usually
to
save
energy.
DRX
cycles
can
be
configured
in
the
LTE
downlink
so
that
the
UE
does
not
have
to
decode
the
Physical
Downlink
Control
CHannel
(PDCCH)
or
receive
Physical
Downlink
Shared
CHannel
(PDSCH)
transmissions
in
certain
subframes.
See
3GPP
TS36.321
Section
5.7
for
connected
mode,
and
TS36.304
Section
7.1
for
idle
mode.



18
DICTIONARY
OF
LTE
ACRONYMS
DSAC
Domain
Specific
Access
Control.
A
mechanism
which
allows
the
utilization
of
a
specific
Core
Network
(CN)
domain
resource
while
another
domain
is
restricted,
for
example
when
a
natural
disaster
occurs.
See
3GPP
TR23.898.
DS-CDMA
Direct
Sequence-Code
Division
Multiple
Access.
A
method
of
Code
Division
Multiple
Access
(CDMA)
whereby
the
signal
of
each
user
is
spread
in
fre
quency
by
multiplying
it
by
a
wideband
code
sequence
of
‘chips’.
This
is
used
in
UMTS.


DSP
Digital
Signal
Processor.
A
processor
for
manipulating
digital
signals.


DTCH
Dedicated
Traffic
CHannel.
A
logical
channel
used
in
LTE
to
deliver
dedicated
user
data
for
a
specific
UE
(in
both
uplink
and
downlink
directions).
See
3GPP
TS36.321.


DTX
Discontinuous
Transmission.
The
periodic
switching
off
of
a
transmitter,
usu
ally
to
save
energy.


DUT
Device
Under
Test.
Typically
refers
to
a
device
undergoing
conformance
test
ing.


DwPTS
Downlink
Pilot
TimeSlot.
A
special
downlink
timeslot
occurring
in
the
second
(and
in
some
configurations
the
7th)
subframe
of
each
radio
frame
when
LTE
is
operated
in
Time
Division
Duplex
(TDD).
Its
length
is
variable,
to
allow
for
different
DownLink
(DL)
.
UpLink
(UL)
switching
periods
to
be
configured.
The
name
DwPTS
originates
from
Time
Division
Synchronous
Code
Division
Multiple
Access
(TD-SCDMA).
See
3GPP
TS36.211
Section
4.2.


E
Extension
bit.
A
bit
used
in
the
header
of
Radio
Link
Control
Protocol
Data
Units
(RLC
PDU),
to
indicate
whether
a
data
field
or
further
header
informa
tion
follows.
See
TS36.322
Section
6.2.2.4.


EARFCN
E-UTRA
Absolute
Radio
Frequency
Channel
Number.
See
ARFCN.


eBMSC
evolved
Broadcast-Multicast
Service
Centre.
The
interface
between
external
broadcast/multicast
content
providers
and
the
core
network
in
LTE
/
System
Architecture
Evolution
(SAE).
See
3GPP
TS36.300
Section
15.1.1.



DICTIONARY
OF
LTE
ACRONYMS


ECGI
E-UTRAN
Cell
Global
Identifier.
The
globally
unique
identity
of
a
cell
in
E
UTRA.


ECI
E-UTRAN
Cell
Identifier.
Used
to
identify
a
cell
uniquely
within
a
Public
Land
Mobile
Network
(PLMN).
The
ECI
has
a
length
of
28
bits
and
contains
the
eNodeB-IDentifier
(eNB-ID).
The
ECI
can
address
either
1
or
up
to
256
cells
per
eNodeB,
depending
on
the
length
of
the
eNB-ID.
See
3GPP
TS36.300
Section
8.2.


ECM
Evolved
Packet
System
Connection
Management.
A
Non-Access
Stratum
(NAS)
state
which
reflects
the
connectivity
(either
‘Idle’
or
‘Connected’)
of
a
UE
with
the
Evolved
Packet
Core
(EPC).


EEA
Evolved
Packet
System
Encryption
Algorithm.
Used
for
ciphering,
this
may
be
either
Advanced
Encryption
Standard
(AES),
SNOW
3G
or
null.
All
algo
rithms
use
a
128-bit
input
key.
See
3GPP
TS33.401.


EEC
Ethernet
Equipment
Clock.
The
clock
used
for
synchronizing
network
equip
ment
that
uses
synchronous
ethernet.
The
requirements
for
such
clocks
are
specified
by
International
Telecommunication
Union
(ITU)
recommendations
G.8262/Y.1362.
See
www.itu.int/itu-t.


EESM
Exponential
Effective
Signal
to
Interference
plus
Noise
Ratio
Mapping.
A
method
for
predicting
an
SINR
level
which
in
an
Additive
White
Gaussian
Noise
(AWGN)
channel
would
give
equivalent
demodulation
performance
to
that
of
a
frequency-selective
channel
whose
per
subcarrier
SINR
values
are
known.
The
technique
is
particularly
useful
for
evaluating
the
BLock
Error
Rate
(BLER)
performance
of
multicarrier
transmission
schemes.
The
effective


1
.

k

SINR,

eff,
is
given
by

eff
=
. ·
ln


PN ,
where
N is
the
nume


Nk=1


ber
of
subcarriers,

k is
the
SINR
for
the
kth
subcarrier,
and
is
a
parameter


determined
by
link-level
simulation.


EHPLMN
Equivalent
Home
Public
Land
Mobile
Network.
Any
PLMN
which
is
listed
in
the
Universal
Subscriber
Identity
Module
(USIM)
of
a
mobile
terminal
as
being
equivalent
to
the
Home
PLMN
(HPLMN).
Any
EHPLMN
is
treated
as
the
HPLMN
in
all
network
and
cell
selection
procedures.
See
3GPP
TS22.011
Section
3.2.2.1.



20
DICTIONARY
OF
LTE
ACRONYMS
EIA
Evolved
Packet
System
Integrity
Algorithm.
Used
for
integrity
protection
of
Radio
Resource
Control
(RRC)
and
Non-Access
Stratum
(NAS)
signalling,
this
may
be
either
Advanced
Encryption
Standard
(AES)
or
SNOW
3G.
Both
algorithms
use
a
128-bit
input
key.
See
3GPP
TS33.401.
EIR
Equipment
Identity
Register.
Stores
the
International
Mobile
Equipment
Iden
tities
(IMEIs)
of
mobile
stations
in
the
GERAN/UTRAN/E-UTRAN
systems,
either
white-listed,
grey-listed
or
black-listed.
It
allows
a
mobile
terminal’s
identity
to
be
checked
for
blacklisting,
e.g.
for
stolen
or
known-to-be-faulty
terminals.
See
3GPP
TS23.002
Section
4.1.1.4.


EMC
ElectroMagnetic
Compatibility.
EMC
between
two
pieces
of
equipment
im
plies
that
each
is
not
unduly
affected
by
electromagnetic
radiation
emitted
by
the
other.
Electromagnetic
compatibility
may
be
achieved
by
control
of
emis
sions,
or
control
of
susceptibility
to
emissions,
or
both.


EMM
Evolved
Packet
System
Connection
Management.
A
Non-Access
Stratum
(NAS)
state
which
reflects
whether
a
UE
is
registered
with
the
Mobile
Manage
ment
Entity
(MME)
.
either
‘registered’
or
‘deregistered’.
See
3GPP
TS24.301
Section
5.


eNB
see
eNodeB.


eNB-ID
evolved
NodeB
IDentifier.
Used
to
identify
an
eNodeB
uniquely
within
a
Pub
lic
Land
Mobile
Network
(PLMN).
The
eNB-ID
can
have
either
20
bits
or
28
bits.
It
is
also
comprised
within
the
Global
eNB-ID,
which
uniquely
identifi
es
an
eNodeB
globally.
The
Global
eNB-ID
is
constructed
from
the
Mobile
Country
Code
(MCC),
Mobile
Network
Code
(MNC)
and
eNB-ID.
See
3GPP
TS36.300
Section
8.2.
eNodeB
evolved
NodeB.
The
base
station
in
LTE
systems.
Each
eNodeB
serves
one
or
more
E-UTRAN
cells.



DICTIONARY
OF
LTE
ACRONYMS


EP
Elementary
Procedure.
A
basic
interaction
between
two
nodes
(such
as
two
eNodeBs
via
the
X2
interface,
or
between
an
eNodeB
and
the
Evolved
Packet
Core
(EPC)
via
the
S1
interface.
An
EP
consists
of
an
initiating
message
and
sometimes
a
response.
An
example
of
an
EP
over
the
X2
interface
is
Handover
Preparation.
See
3GPP
TS36.413
and
TS36.423.


EPA
Extended
Pedestrian
A.
A
propagation
channel
model
based
on
the
Interna
tional
Telecommunication
Union
(ITU)
Pedestrian
A
model,
extended
to
a
wider
bandwidth
of
20
MHz.
The
pedestrian
channel
model
represents
a
UE
speed
of
3
km/h,
while
the
vehicular
model
(Extended
Vehicular
A
(EVA)),
represents
UE
speeds
higher
than
30
km/h.


EPC
Evolved
Packet
Core.
The
Core
Network
(CN)
in
the
LTE
/
System
Architec
ture
Evolution
(SAE)
system.
The
EPC
is
responsible
for
the
overall
control
of
the
UE
and
establishment
of
the
bearers.
The
main
logical
nodes
of
the
EPC
are
the
Packet
Data
Network
GateWay
(P-GW),
Serving-GateWay
(S-GW)
and
Mobility
Management
Entity
(MME).


EPRE
Energy
Per
Resource
Element.
The
transmitted
energy
per
Resource
Element
(RE).


EPS
Evolved
Packet
System.
The
term
describing
LTE
and
System
Architecture
Evolution
(SAE)
together,
comprising
both
an
evolved
core
network
and
an
evolved
radio
access
network.
E-RAB
E-UTRAN
Radio
Access
Bearer.
The
concatenation
of
an
S1
bearer
and
the
corresponding
radio
bearer.
See
3GPP
TS23.401
Section
4.7.2.2.
ESD
Electrostatic
discharge.
A
sudden
transfer
of
electric
charge
between
two
ob
jects
in
close
proximity,
due
to
the
two
objects
being
at
different
relative
poten
tials.
ESD
can
cause
failure
of
semiconductor
devices.
Base
stations
and
UEs
are
tested
for
their
ability
to
withstand
ESD.
See
for
example
3GPP
TS36.113
Section
9.4
and
TS36.124
Section
9.3.
ESM
Evolved
Packet
System
Session
Management.
A
Non-Access
Stratum
(NAS)
state
which
reflects
whether
an
EPS
bearer
context
is
active
or
inactive.
See
3GPP
TS24.301
Section
6.



22
DICTIONARY
OF
LTE
ACRONYMS
ESP
Encapsulating
Security
Payload.
The
ESP
header
is
part
of
the
Internet
Protocol
Security
(IPsec)
suite
of
Internet
Engineering
Task
Force
(IETF)
protocols.
It
is
designed
to
provide
security
services
in
IPv4
and
IPv6,
including
origin
authenticity,
integrity,
and
encryption
for
data
packets.
See
IETF
RFC2406,
www.ietf.org.
E-TM
E-UTRA
Test
Model.
A
test
model
used
for
LTE
conformance
testing.
See
3GPP
TS36.141,
Section
6.1.1.


ETSI
European
Telecommunications
Standards
Institute.
The
European
Standards
Development
Organisation
(SDO)
in
3GPP.
See
www.etsi.org.


ETU
Extended
Typical
Urban.
A
propagation
channel
model
based
on
the
GSM
Typical
Urban
model,
extended
to
a
wider
bandwidth
of
20
MHz.
It
models
a
scattering
environment
which
is
considered
to
be
typical
in
a
urban
area.


ETWS
Earthquake
and
Tsunami
Warning
System.
A
type
of
Public
Warning
System
that
broadcasts
warnings
of
earthquakes
and
tsunamis
to
any
UE
which
is
ca
pable
of
receiving
them.
The
warnings
are
initiated
by
Warning
Notification
Providers,
and
delivered
by
means
of
cell
broadcast
messages.
The
informa
tion
provided
can
include
the
type
of
emergency,
as
well
as
advice
on
action
to
take.
See
3GPP
TS23.828
and
TS22.268.


EUT
Equipment
Under
Test.
Typically
refers
to
equipment
undergoing
conformance
testing.


E-UTRA
Evolved
Universal
Terrestrial
Radio
Access.
The
LTE
radio
access
technology.


E-UTRAN
Evolved
Universal
Terrestrial
Radio
Access
Network.
Consists
of
eNodeBs,
providing
the
User-plane
(Packet
Data
Convergence
Protocol
(PDCP),
Radio
Link
Control
(RLC),
Medium
Access
Control
(MAC)
and
PHYsical
(PHY)
layers)
and
Control-plane
(Radio
Resource
Control
(RRC))
protocol
termina
tions
towards
the
UE.
The
eNodeBs
can
be
interconnected
with
each
other
by
means
of
the
X2
interface.
The
eNodeBs
are
connected
by
means
of
the
S1
interface
to
the
Evolved
Packet
Core
(EPC).
See
3GPP
TS23.002
Section


4.2.3.2.

DICTIONARY
OF
LTE
ACRONYMS


EVA
Extended
Vehicular
A.
A
propagation
channel
model
based
on
the
International
Telecommunication
Union
(ITU)
Vehicular
A
model,
extended
to
a
wider
bandwidth
of
20
MHz.
The
vehicular
channel
model
represents
UE
speeds
of
30,
120
km/h
and
higher,
while
the
pedestrian
model
(Extended
Pedestrian
A
(EPA)),
represents
a
UE
speed
of
3
km/h.


EVM
Error
Vector
Magnitude.
A
measure
of
the
distortion
introduced
in
a
transmit
ted
signal
by
the
Radio
Frequency
(RF)
imperfections
of
practical
implemen
tations.
It
is
defined
as
the
square
root
of
the
ratio
of
the
mean
error
vector
power
between
a
reference
signal
(i.e.
the
signal
defined
by
the
physical
layer
specification
equations)
and
the
actual
transmitted
signal,
normalized
by
the
mean
reference
signal
power,
expressed
as
a
percentage.
See
3GPP
TS36.101
Section
6.5.2.1
and
TS36.104
Section
6.5.2.


FDD
Frequency
Division
Duplex.
A
mode
of
bidirectional
communication
in
which
transmission
and
reception
take
place
at
the
same
time
on
different
carrier
fre
quencies.


FDE
Frequency-Domain
Equalizer.
An
equalizer
which
compensates
for
the
transfer
function
of
the
radio
propagation
channel
by
filtering
the
received
signal
in
the
frequency
domain.
An
FDE
provides
a
low-complexity
means
for
compensat
ing
frequency-selective
channel
gains
for
an
Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiplexed
(OFDM)
signal.


FDM
Frequency-Division
Multiplexing.
A
method
of
multiplexing
different
data
sig
nals
for
transmission
on
a
single
communications
channel,
whereby
each
signal
is
assigned
a
non-overlapping
frequency
range
within
the
main
channel.


FDMA
Frequency
Division
Multiple-Access.
FDMA
is
an
access
method
allowing
multiple
users
to
share
the
same
frequency
band
by
subdividing
the
band
into
different
frequency
channels.
Each
user
is
allocated
a
different
frequency
channel,
thus
allowing
them
to
utilize
the
allocated
radio
spectrum
without
interfering
with
each
other.


FDSS
Frequency
Domain
Spectral
Shaping.
A
pulse-shaping
filtering
process
imple
mented
in
the
frequency
domain
by
element-wise
multiplication
of
the
filter
coefficients
and
the
spectrum
of
a
transmitted
signal.



24
DICTIONARY
OF
LTE
ACRONYMS
FEC
Forward
Error
Correction.
A
type
of
digital
signal
processing
which
improves
data
reliability
by
introducing
parity
information
(redundancy)
into
a
data
se
quence
prior
to
transmission.
This
enables
a
receiver
to
detect
and
correct
transmission
errors.
FFS
For
Further
Study.
A
term
used
in
3GPP
to
indicate
that
a
topic
will
be
dis
cussed
further,
and
any
agreements
will
be
based
on
further
analysis.


FFT
Fast
Fourier
Transform.
An
efficient
algorithm
to
compute
the
Discrete
Fourier
Transform
(DFT)
and
its
inverse.
Many
such
algorithms
exist,
but
the
most
popular
is
the
Radix-2
Cooley-Tukey
which
requires
the
number
of
points
in
the
input
sequence
to
be
a
power
of
2.


FI
Framing
Info.
A
field
in
a
Radio
Link
Control
(RLC)
Protocol
Data
Unit
(PDU)
header,
which
indicates
whether
the
RLC
Service
Data
Units
(SDU)
at
the
beginning
and/or
end
of
the
Data
field
are
segmented
.
i.e.
it
indicates
whether
the
first
byte
of
the
Data
field
corresponds
to
the
first
byte
of
an
RLC
SDU,
and
whether
the
last
byte
of
the
Data
field
corresponds
to
the
last
byte
of
a
RLC
SDU.
See
3GPP
TS36.322
Section
6.2.2.6.
FIR
Finite
Impulse
Response.
The
impulse
response
is
a
filter’s
response
to
a
Kro
necker
delta
input.
The
impulse
response
is
said
to
be
‘finite’
when
it
settles
to
zero
in
a
finite
number
of
samples.
FMS
First
Missing
Service
Data
Unit.
The
Sequence
Number
(SN)
of
the
first
miss
ing
Packet
Data
Convergence
Protocol
(PDCP)
Service
Data
Unit
(SDU).
It
is
used
in
a
PDCP
Status
Report
to
indicate
which
PDCP
SDUs
need
to
be
retransmitted
in
a
lossless
handover.
See
3GPP
TS36.323
Section
6.3.9.
FQDN
Fully
Qualified
Domain
Name.
An
FQDN
may
be
included
in
the
identity
of
a
Packet
Data
Network
GateWay
(PDN-GW).
It
is
used
to
derive
the
Internet
Protocol
(IP)
address
of
the
PDN-GW
by
means
of
the
Domain
Name
Service
(DNS)
function,
taking
into
account
the
protocol
type
on
the
S5/S8
interfaces.
See
3GPP
TS23.003
Section
19.4.2.



DICTIONARY
OF
LTE
ACRONYMS


FRC
Fixed
Reference
Channel.
A
set
of
parameters
used
to
describe
a
configura
tion
for
packet-based
performance
evaluation
of
3GPP
systems
in
which
the
adaptation
of
modulation
and
coding
rate
is
in
principle
possible
(e.g.
LTE
or
HSDPA).
In
a
FRC
test,
the
modulation
and
coding
scheme
are
fixed,
i.e.
they
are
not
adapted
based
on
UE
feedback.
The
performance
requirements
spec
ify
minimum
throughput
which
is
to
be
met
under
this
condition.
See
3GPP
TS36.101
Sections
8.2.1,
8.2.2,
A.3.


FS
Frame
Structure.
The
term
used
to
describe
the
pattern
of
subdivisions
of
radio
frames
in
the
time
domain.
In
LTE,
the
frame
structure
can
be
type
1
or
type
2;
type
1
is
applicable
to
both
full
duplex
and
half
duplex
Frequency
Division
Duplex
(FDD),
while
type
2
is
applicable
to
Time
Division
Duplex
(TDD).
See
3GPP
TS36.211
Section
4.
FSTD
Frequency
Switched
Transmit
Diversity.
General
FSTD
schemes
transmit
sym
bols
from
each
antenna
on
a
different
set
of
subcarriers.
In
LTE,
FSTD
is
only
used
in
combination
with
Space
Frequency
Block
Codes
(SFBC)
for
the
case
of
4
transmit
antennas
at
the
eNodeB,
in
order
to
provide
a
suitable
transmit
diver
sity
scheme
where
no
orthogonal
rate-1
block
code
exists.
See
3GPP
TS36.211
Section
6.3.4.3.
FTP
File
Transfer
Protocol.
A
communication
protocol
used
to
exchange
files
through
a
Transmission
Control
Protocol
/
Internet
Protocol
(TCP/IP)
network.
See
IETF
RFC959,
www.ietf.org.
GBR
Guaranteed
Bit
Rate.
A
minimum
bit
rate
requested
by
an
application.
In
LTE,
minimum
GBR
bearers
and
non-GBR
bearers
may
be
provided.
Minimum
GBR
bearers
are
typically
used
for
applications
like
Voice
over
Internet
Pro
tocol
(VoIP),
with
an
associated
GBR
value;
higher
bit
rates
can
be
allowed
if
resources
are
available.
Non-GBR
bearers
do
not
guarantee
any
particular
bit
rate,
and
are
typically
used
for
applications
as
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