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An Experimenter's Guide to OpenFlow
April 13, 2011 | By DT
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네트워크 가상화 프로젝트인 OpenFlow에 대한 소개 자료입니다.

Thank you for visiting Netmanias! Please leave your comment if you have a question or suggestion.
Transcript
An Experimenter’s Guide to OpenFlow
GENI Engineering Workshop June 2010
Rob Sherwood
(with help from many others)
Talk Overview
• What is OpenFlow
• How OpenFlow Works
• OpenFlow for GENI Experimenters
• Deployments
“Software Defined Networking” approach to open it
The “Software-defined Network”
Open Systems
What is OpenFlow?
Short Story: OpenFlow is an API
• Control how packets are forwarded
• Implementable on COTS hardware
• Make deployed networks programmable
– not just configurable
• Makes innovation easier
• Goal (experimenter’s perspective):
– No more special purpose test-beds
– Validate your experiments on deployed hardware with real traffic at full line speed
OpenFlow: a pragmatic compromise
• + Speed, scale, fidelity of vendor hardware
• + Flexibility and control of software and simulation
• Vendors don’t need to expose implementation
• Leverages hardware inside most switches today (ACL tables)
How Does OpenFlow Work?
OpenFlow Basics
Flow Table Entries
Examples
Examples
OpenFlow Usage
Dedicated OpenFlow Network
OpenFlow Road Map
• OF v1.0 (current)
– bandwidth slicing
– match on Vlan PCP, IP ToS
• OF v1.1: Extensions for WAN, late 2010
– multiple tables: leverage additional tables
– tags, tunnels, interface bonding
• OF v2+ : 2011?
– generalized matching and actions: an “instruction set” for networking
What OpenFlow Can’t Do (1)
• Non-flow-based (per-packet) networking
– ex: sample 1% of packets
– yes, this is a fundamental limitation
– BUT OpenFlow can provide the plumbing to connect these systems
• Use all tables on switch chips
– yes, a major limitation (cross-product issue)
– BUT an upcoming OF version will expose these
What OpenFlow Can’t Do (2)
• New forwarding primitives
– BUT provides a nice way to integrate them
• New packet formats/field definitions
– BUT plans to generalize in OpenFlow (2.0)
• Setup new flows quickly
– ~10ms delay in our deployment
– BUT can push down flows proactively to avoid delays
– Only a fundamental issue when delays are large or new flow-rate is high
OpenFlow for Experimenters
Why Use OpenFlow in GENI?
• Fine-grained flow-level forwarding control
– e.g., between PL, ProtoGENI nodes
– Not restricted to IP routes or Spanning tree
• Control real user traffic with Opt-In
– Deploy network services to actual people
• Realistic validations
– by definition: runs on real production network
– performance, fan out, topologies
Experiment Setup Overview
Experiment Design Decisions
• Forwarding logic (of course)
• Centralized vs. distributed control
• Fine vs. coarse grained rules
• Reactive vs. Proactive rule creation
• Likely more: open research area
Centralized vs Distributed Control
Centralized Control
Flow Routing vs. Aggregation
Both models are possible with OpenFlow
Flow-Based
• Every flow is individually set up by controller
• Exact-match flow entries
• Flow table contains one entry per flow
• Good for fine grain control, e.g. campus networks
Reactive vs. Proactive
Both models are possible with OpenFlow
Reactive
• First packet of flow triggers controller to insert flow entries
• Efficient use of flow table
• Every flow incurs small additional flow setup time
• If control connection lost, switch has limited utility
Examples of OpenFlow in Action
• VM migration across subnets
• energy-efficient data center network
• WAN aggregation
• network slicing
• default-off network
• scalable Ethernet
• scalable data center network
• load balancing
• formal model solver verification
• distributing FPGA processing
Opt-In Manager
• User-facing website + List of experiments
• User’s login and opt-in to experiments
– Use local existing auth, e.g., ldap
– Can opt-in to multiple experiments
• subsets of traffic: Rob & port 80 == Rob’s port 80
– Use priorities to manage conflicts
• Only after opt-in does experimenter control any traffic
Deployments
OpenFlow Deployment at Stanford
Live Stanford Deployment Statistics
GENI OpenFlow deployment (2010)
Three EU Projects similar to GENI:
Ophelia, SPARC, CHANGE
Other OpenFlow deployments
• Japan
- 3-4 Universities interconnected by JGN2plus
• Interest in Korea, China, Canada, …
Highlights of Deployments
• Stanford deployment
– McKeown group for a year: production and experiments
– To scale later this year to entire building (~500 users)
• Nation-wide trials and deployments
– 7 other universities and BBN deploying now
– GEC9 in Nov, 2010 will showcase nation-wide OF
– Internet 2 and NLR to deploy before GEC9
• Global trials
– Over 60 organizations experimenting
2010 likely to be a big year for OpenFlow
Slide Credits
• Guido Appenzeller
• Nick McKeown
• Guru Parulkar
• Brandon Heller
• Lots of others
– (this slide was also stolen)
Conclusion
• OpenFlow is an API for controlling packet forwarding
• OpenFlow+GENI allows more realistic evaluation of network experiments
• Glossed over many technical details
– What does the API look like?
• Stay for the next session
An Experimenter’s Guide to OpenFlow: Office Hours
GENI Engineering Workshop June 2010
Rob Sherwood
(with help from many others)
Office Hours Overview
• Controllers
• Tools
• Slicing OpenFlow
• OpenFlow switches
• Demo survey
• Ask questions!
Controllers
Controller is King
• Principle job of experimenter: customize a controller for your OpenFlow experiment
• Many ways to do this:
– Download, configure existing controller
• e.g., if you just need shortest path
– Read raw OpenFlow spec: write your own
• handle ~20 OpenFlow messages
– Recommended: extend existing controller
• Write a module for NOX – www.noxrepo.org
Starting with NOX
• Grab and build
– `git clone git://noxrepo.org/nox`
– `git checkout -b openflow-1.0 origin/openflow-1.0`
– `sh boot.sh; ./configure; make`
• Build nox first: non-trivial dependencies
• API is documented inline
– `cd doc/doxygen; make html`
– Still very UTSL
Writing a NOX Module
• Modules live in ./src/nox/{core,net,web}apps/*
• Modules are event based
– Register listeners using APIs
– C++ and Python bindings
– Dynamic dependencies
• e.g., many modules (transitively) use discovery.py
• Currently have to update build manually
– Automated with ./src/scripts/nox-new-c-app.py
• Most up to date docs are at noxrepo.org
Useful NOX Events
• Datapath_{join,leave}
– New switch and switch leaving
• Packet_in/Flow_in
– New Datagram, stream; respectively
– Cue to insert a new rule/flow_mod
• Flow_removed
– Expired rule (includes stats)
• Shutdown
– Tear down module; clean up state
Tools
OpenFlow WireShark Plugin
MiniNet
• Machine-local virtual network
– great dev/testing tool
• Uses linux virtual network features
– Cheaper than VMs
• Arbitrary topologies, nodes
• Scriptable
– Plans to move FV testing to MiniNet
• http://www.openflow.org/foswiki/bin/view/OpenFlow/Mininet
OFtrace
• API for analyzing OF Control traffic
• Calculate:
– OF Message distribution
– Flow Setup time
– % of dropped LLDP messages
– … extensible
• http://www.openflow.org/wk/index.php/Liboftrace
Slicing OpenFlow
Switch Based Virtualization
Exists for NEC, HP switches but not flexible enough for GENI
Stanford Infrastructure Uses Both
– The individual controllers and the FlowVisor are applications on commodity PCs (not shown)
Use Case: VLAN Based Partitioning
• Basic Idea: Partition Flows based on Ports and VLAN Tags
– Traffic entering system (e.g. from end hosts) is tagged
– VLAN tags consistent throughout substrate
Use Case: New CDN - Turbo Coral ++
• Basic Idea: Build a CDN where you control the entire network
– All traffic to or from Coral IP space controlled by Experimenter
– All other traffic controlled by default routing
– Topology is entire network
– End hosts are automatically added (no opt-in)
Use Case: Aaron’s IP
– A new layer 3 protocol
– Replaces IP
– Defined by a new Ether Type
Switches
Wireless Access Points
• Two Flavors:
– OpenWRT based (Busybox Linux)
• v0.8.9 only
– Vanilla Software (Full Linux)
• Only runs on PC Engines Hardware
• Debian disk image
• Available from Stanford
• Both implementations are software only.
NetFPGA
• NetFPGA-based implementation
– Requires PC and NetFPGA card
– Hardware accelerated
– 4 x 1 Gb/s throughput
• Maintained by Stanford University
• $500 for academics
• $1000 for industry
• Available at http://www.netfpga.org
OpenFlow Vendor Hardware
HP ProCurve 5400 Series (+ others)
NEC IP8800
Pronto Switch
Stanford Indigo Firmware for Pronto
Toroki Firmware for Pronto
Ciena CoreDirector
Demo Previews
• FlowVisor
• Plug-n-Serve
• Aggregation
• OpenPipes
• OpenFlow Wireless
• MobileVMs
• ElasticTree
Demo Infrastructure with Slicing
– The individual controllers and the FlowVisor are applications on commodity PCs (not shown)
OpenFlow Demonstration Overview
FlowVisor Creates Virtual Networks
OpenPipes
• Plumbing with OpenFlow to build hardware systems
Intercontinental VM Migration
ElasticTree:
Reducing Energy in Data Center Networks
• The demo:
• Hardware-based 16-node Fat Tree
• Your choice of traffic pattern, bandwidth, optimization strategy
• Graph shows live power and latency variation
View All (861)
4G (2) 4G Evolution (1) 5G (49) 5G 특화망 (10) 5g (1) 802.11 (1) 802.1X (1) ALTO (1) ANDSF (1) AT&T (2) Acceleration (1) Adobe HDS (3) Akamai (6) Amazon (3) Apple HLS (4) Authentication (1) BRAS (2) BT (1) Backbone (4) Backhaul (12) BitTorrent (1) Broadcasting (3) C-RAN (13) C-RAN/Fronthaul (12) CCN (4) CDN (52) CDNi (1) COLT (1) CORD (1) CPRI (2) Cache Control (1) Caching (5) Carrier Cloud (2) Carrier Ethernet (9) Channel Zapping (4) China Mobile (1) China Telecom (1) Cloud (10) Cloudfront (1) DASH (2) DCA (1) DHCP (3) DNS (1) DSA (1) Data Center (7) Dynamic Web Acceleration (1) EDGE (1) EPC (5) Edge (1) Energy (1) Ericsson (5) Ethernet (8) FEO (2) Fairness (1) Fronthaul (5) GiGAtopia (1) Gigabit Internet (2) Global CDN (1) Google (5) HLS (1) HTTP (1) HTTP Adaptive Streaming (18) HTTP Progressive Download (3) HTTP Streaming (1) HetNet (1) Hot-Lining (1) Hotspot 2.0 (2) Huawei (3) ICN (4) IP (1) IP Allocation (1) IP Routing (8) IPTV (15) Intel (1) Internet (1) Interoperability (2) IoST (1) IoT (14) KT (22) LG U+ (3) LTE (70) LTE MAC (1) LTE-A (2) Licensed CDN (1) M2M (3) MEC (5) MPLS (25) MVNO (1) Market (4) Metro Ethernet (7) Microsoft (2) Migration (1) Mobile (4) Mobile Backhaul (1) Mobile Broadcasting (1) Mobile CDN (2) Mobile IP (1) Mobile IPTV (3) Mobile Video (1) Mobile Web Perormance (1) Mobility (1) Multi-Screen (7) Multicast (7) NFC (1) NFV (2) NTT Docomo (2) Netflix (6) Network Protocol (31) Network Recovery (3) OAM (6) OTT (31) Ofcom (1) Offloading (2) OpenFlow (1) Operator CDN (14) Orange (1) P2P (4) PCC (1) Page Speed (1) Private 5G (13) Programmable (1) Protocol (7) Pseudowire (1) QoS (5) Router (1) SCAN (1) SD-WAN (1) SDN (15) SDN/NFV (15) SK Telecom (22) SON (1) SaMOG (1) Samsung (2) Security (6) Service Overlay (1) Silverlight (4) Small Cell (3) Smart Cell (1) Smart Grid (2) Smart Network (2) Supper Cell (1) Telefonica (1) Telstra (1) Terms (1) Traffic (2) Traffic Engineering (1) Transcoding (3) Transparent Cache (2) Transparent Caching (14) VLAN (2) VPLS (2) VPN (9) VRF (2) Vendor Product (2) Verizon (2) Video Optimization (4) Video Pacing (1) Video Streaming (14) Virtual Private Cloud (1) Virtualization (3) White Box (1) Wholesale CDN (4) Wi-Fi (13) WiBro(WiMAX) (4) Wireless Operator (5) YouTube (4) eMBMS (4) eNB (1) 망이용대가 (1) 망중립성 (1) 스마트 노드 (1) 이음 5G (3)

 

 

     
         
     

 

     
     

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