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Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Cell Reselection: Required System Information and Criteria 2.1 Overview of Cell Reselection Procedure 2.2 System Information 2.3 Cell Reselection Criteria 3. Cell Reselection without TAU 4. EPS Entity Information: Before/After Cell Reselection without TAU 5. Closing 1. Introduction Through the three compa...
04/23/2014
107,359
1. Traditional RAN Architecture and Issues 1.1 Issue No. 1: Degraded service quality and network performance due to inter-cell interference 1.2 Issue No. 2: Increased costs of building and operating cell sites 2. Degradation of service quality and network performance due to inter-cell interference: Prevented by reducing X2 distance 3. Costs of building and operating cell sites: Reduced...
04/16/2014
63,156
Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Concept of S1 Handover 2.1 S1 Protocol Stacks 2.2 S1AP Procedures and Messages Relating to Handover 2.3 S1 Handover Procedure at a Glance 2.4 UE State and Connection Information Before and After S1 handover 3. Procedure of S1 Handover 4. EPS Entity Information: Before/After S1 Handover 5. Closing 1. Intro...
04/08/2014
134,794
In C-RAN (Centralized/Cloud RAN), the more RRHs are covered by one CO (BBU hostelling site), i) the fewer COs are required, and ii) the more BBUs can be centralized at one CO. This allows for the most efficient utilization of BBU resources, thereby significantly reducing CAPEX/OPEX. For this reason, the maximum separation distance between RRH and BBU should be secured. This distance is cons...
04/01/2014
67,761
Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Concept of X2 Handover 2.1 X2 Protocol Stacks 2.2 X2AP Functions 2.3 X2 Messages Relating to Mobility Management Function 2.4 X2 Handover Procedure at a Glance 2.5 UE State and Connection Information Before and After X3 handover 3. Procedure of X2 Handover 4. EPS Entity Information: Before/After X2 Handover 4.1 Before...
03/21/2014
138,983
Our question in this post is: Why does the CPRI link between BBU (at CO) and RRH (at Cell Site) in C-RAN require a ultra high Gbps bandwidth? Before you read this post, we advise you to read our previous post, "CPRI (1): Emergence of C-RAN and CPRI overview". The CPRI link capacities required between BBU and RRH in the C-RAN architecture are as follows: Table 1. CPRI data rates...
03/12/2014
64,083
Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Overview of LTE Handover 2.1 Measurement 2.2 Handover Decision 2.3 Handover Prodedure 2.4 Handover Interruption Time 2.5 Mobility Robustness Optimization 3. Closing 1. Introduction This document describes the handover procedure defined as EMM Case 6 in our technical document, “Eleven EMM C...
03/06/2014
105,090
Emergence of C-RAN (Separation of Baseband and Radio, and Baseband Centralization) Today, global LTE operators are competing with one another more fiercely than ever, under the pressure to provide better service quality and higher speed. Conventional Internet traffic has been increasing steadily. What's more, mobile traffic resulting from OTT video services, such as YouTube, Mobile IPT...
03/04/2014
76,632
Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Concept of Periodic TAU 3. Procedure of Periodic TAU 4. EPS Entity Information: Before/After Periodic TAU 4.1 Before Periodic TAU 4.2 After Periodic TAU 5. Closing 1. Introduction This document describes the periodic TAU (Tracking Area Update) procedure defined as EMM Case 5 in our technical document, “...
02/19/2014
117,720
Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Cases of Service Request 3. UE-triggered Service Request 4. Network-triggered Service Request 5. EPS Entity Information: Before/After Service Request 6. Closing 1. Introduction This document describes the service request procedure defined as EMM Case 4 in our technical document, “Eleven EMM Cases in an EMM Sce...
02/09/2014
170,859
Also see this excellent animation produced by SK Telecom (Source: HFR)
02/04/2014
47,203
Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. S1 Release due to User Inactivity 3. EPS Entity Information: Before/After S1 Release 3.1 Before S1 Release 3.2 After S1 Release 4. Closing 1. Introduction This document will describe procedures for releasing S1 connection when a UE becomes inactive, as in EMM Case 3 defined in our technical document, “Eleven...
01/25/2014
128,046
Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Configuration Provisioning 3. Service Capability Discovery 4. One to One Chat 5. Group Chat 6. File Transfer 7. Geolocation Sharing 8. vCard Exchange 9. Contents Sharing 10. Integrated Messaging 11. IP Voice Call (Voice over Wi-Fi Call) 12. IP Video Call 13. Summary 1. Introductio...
01/22/2014
24,068
Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The advent of IP Messaging Service and evolution towards Converged IP 3. OTT vs Operators 4. Joyn 5. Adoption of CPM architecture in RCS 6. RCS r4 and RCSe merged into RCS r5.x 7. SIMPLE IM 2.0 8. CPM 2.0 9. RCS blackbird 10. Summary 1. Introduction When the GSM Association (GSMA) has specified th...
01/21/2014
30,015
Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Cases of Detach 3. UE-initiated Detach 4. MME-initiated Detach 5. HSS-initiated Detach 6. EPS Entity Information: Before/After Detach 7. Closing 1. Introduction This document discusses detach procedures defined as EMM Case 2 in our previous document, “Eleven EMM Cases in an EMM Scenario”[1]. During th...
01/21/2014
181,561
Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Initial Attach Procedure 2.1 IMSI Acquisition 2.2 Authentication 2.3 NAS Security Setup 2.4 Location Update 2.5 EPS Session Establishment 3. EPS Entity Information 3.1 Before Initial Attach 3.2 After Initial Attach 4. Closing 1. Introduction N...
01/16/2014
454,758
Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. SIMPLE IM Architecture 3. CPM Architecture 4. RCS Architecture 5. Summary 1. Introduction GSMA Rich Communication Suite (RCS) was originally based on OMA SIMPLE IM architecture in the beginning, but adopted OMA Converged IP Messaging (CPM) architecture from RCS r4.0. While the RCS r4.0 was updated to RCS r5.0 and onwa...
01/15/2014
41,108
Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Cases of Initial Attach 2.1 Unknown UE 2.2 Known UE 3. Simplified Call Flow in Each Case 4. Closing 1. Introduction This document discusses initial attach, as defined as EMM Case 1 in our previous document, “Eleven EMM Cases in an EMM Scenario” [1]. During this phase, a user turns on hi...
12/26/2013
209,072
Table of Content 1. Korea, the Most advanced LTE Market in the World 2. LTE deployment status by operator in Korea (SK Telecom, KT, LG U+) 3. LTE frequency commercialization status in Korea 4. LTE services: Mobile broadband, Mobile IPTV and VoLTE 5. LTE equipements deployed in Korea 6. LTE devices 7. LTE patents 1. Korea, the Most Advanced LT...
12/04/2013
92,278
4.5G (3) 4G (2) 4G LTE (5) 5G (485) 5G-SIG (2) 6G (4) AI (32) AR (4) ARP (3) ARPU (3) AT&T (2) Akamai (3) Alcatel (1) Authentication (5) Autonomous Driving (9) BMW (2) BSS (1) Backbone (2) Backhaul (6) Big Data (3) Billing (1) Blockchain (4) C-RAN (1) C-RAN/Fronthaul (70) CDN (14) CES (2) CORD (2) CPRI (6) Carrier Aggregation (11) Carrier Ethernet (6) Charging (2) China (3) China Mobile (5) Cisco (4) Cloud (6) Cloud Native (1) CoMP (7) Connected Car (16) Core (1) D-RAN (1) DASAN Networks (5) DHCP (10) Data Center (1) Deutsche Telekom (4) ECM (2) EDGE (4) EMM (16) EPS (2) Edge Computing (1) Ericsson (18) FTTH (16) Femto Gateway (3) Frequency (7) Fronthaul (2) GCSE (1) GSLB (1) GiGA LTE (1) GiGA WiFi (1) GiGAtopia (6) Gigabit Internet (82) Google (11) Google Global Cache (3) HDR (1) HDS (1) HFR (2) HLS (9) HSDPA (2) HTTP Adaptive Streaming (12) Handover (7) Harman (1) HeNB-GW (3) Huawei (1) IEEE 802.1 (1) IP Routing (7) IPTV (101) Immersive Service (1) Initial Attach (2) Intel (1) IoST (5) IoT (205) Jio (2) KDDI (6) KT (253) Korea (88) Korea ICT Market (50) Korea ICT Service (33) Korea ICT Vendor (9) LAA (5) LG U+ (103) LPWA (7) LSC (1) LTE (302) LTE Identification (2) LTE-A (37) LTE-A Pro (1) LTE-B (3) LTE-H (3) LTE-M (5) LTE-R (5) LTE-U (8) LWA (1) LoRa (14) MEC (19) MPLS (5) MPLS-TP (1) MPTCP (7) MSIP (4) MWC (1) MWC 2015 (26) MWC 2016 (4) MWC 2017 (8) MWC 2018 (3) Massive MIMO (1) Media Platform (1) Microsoft (1) Mobility (2) NAT (8) NB-IoT (15) NTT (1) NTT Docomo (1) Netflix (5) Network Architecture (12) Network Protocol (44) Network Slice (1) Network Slicing (6) New Radio (11) Nokia (17) O-RAN (1) OCP (3) OSPF (2) OTT (8) On-Net CDN (3) Openflow (2) Orange (1) PCRF (4) PS-LTE (7) Pay TV (1) Platform (5) Private 5G (85) Private LTE (1) Public Safety (10) QoS (6) Qualcomm (10) RCS (9) Railway (1) Roaming (3) SD-WAN (21) SDF (2) SDN/NFV (143) SIM (1) SK Broadband (12) SK Telecom (347) SK telecom (1) Samsung (180) Security (25) Self-Driving (3) Sk Telecom (1) Small Cell (6) Spectrum Sharing (2) Sprint (1) Switching (6) T-Mobile (1) TAU (2) Transparent Cache (3) UHD (24) URLLC (1) V2X (2) VR (13) Verizon (8) Video Streaming (43) VoLTE (14) VoWiFi (2) Wi-Fi (72) WiGig (1) Wideband LTE (2) YTL (1) YouTube (9) blockchain (1) eICIC (1) eMBMS (9) ePDG (1) iBeacon (1) mmWave (2) security (1) telecoin (1) uCPE (2) vCPE (1) vRAN (1)