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NAT Behavior Discovery Using STUN (RFC 5780)

Our previous document described the NAT behavior discovery algorithms defined in RFC 3489. This document will explain what algorithms for discovering NAT behaviors are defined in RFC 5780. Again, to fully understand what's discussed below, we recommend you read the following posts first: 1. NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) - Part 1. Mapping Behavior 2....

11/18/2013

37,157

Technical Documents

NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) - Part 1. Mapping Behavior

NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) Part 1. Mapping Behavior Part 2. Filtering Behavior Part 3. Deterministic Properties Many applications like Skype, online games, etc. are all Peer-to-Peer (P2P) applications based on UDP. When running these applications, two devices communicate with each other without a...

09/12/2013

34,252

Technical Documents

NAT Behavior Discovery Using Classic STUN (RFC 3489)

Let us introduce the NAT behavior discovery algorithms defined in RFC 3489. To fully understand what's discussed below, we recommend you read the following posts first: 1. NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) - Part 1. Mapping Behavior 2. NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) - Part 2. Filtering Behavior 3. STUN (RFC 3489) vs. STUN (R...

11/04/2013

41,432

Technical Documents

Network Address Translation (NAT) Overview (RFC 3022/2663)

Today, NATs are employed by Korean telecom operators in almost all of their access networks except for wired access networks (FTTH, Ethernet, DSL, etc.). 3G/LTE network: Large Scale NAT (LSN) installed beyond GGSN/P-GW in the 3G/LTE core networks. Also called "Carrier Grade NAT (CGN)". Wi-Fi Hotspot network: NAT implemented in Wi-Fi hotspot AP. Residential network: NAT implemented in su...

09/03/2013

32,096

Technical Documents

NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) - Part 3. Deterministic...

NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) Part 1. Mapping Behavior Part 2. Filtering Behavior Part 3. Deterministic Properties This is the last post on RFC 4787. 4. Application Level Gateway For information about Application Level Gateways (ALGs), please click here....

10/10/2013

31,392

Technical Documents

STUN (RFC 3489) vs. STUN (RFC 5389/5780)

What are the differences between NAT types defined in RFC 3489 and RFC 5780? To understand the differences to be explained below, you must be familiar with the Mapping Behavior and Filtering Behavior of a NAT that we covered last time. What is STUN? STUN is a protocol that allows two devices (P2P devices) to discover the presence and types of a NAT between them, and to find out what Exte...

10/21/2013

44,652

Technical Documents

NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) - Part 2. Filtering Beha...

NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) Part 1. Mapping Behavior Part 2. Filtering Behavior Part 3. Deterministic Properties Now that we learned a NAT's mapping behaviors last time, below we will study its filtering behaviors as defined in RFC 4787. For information about the terms used below (Internal En...

09/23/2013

32,546

Technical Documents

LTE Security II: NAS and AS Security

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. NAS Security 3. AS Security 4. Security Context 5. Closing and References 1. Introduction In LTE Security I[1], Part I of the LTE Security technical document, we have discussed LTE authentication based on EPS AKA procedure and learned a UE and an MME get to share the KASME when authenticated. In this document, w...

08/05/2013

221,426

Technical Documents

Samsung Cloud Native 5G Core

02/24/2020

22,389

Technical Documents

EMM Procedure 7. Cell Reselection without TAU

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Cell Reselection: Required System Information and Criteria 2.1 Overview of Cell Reselection Procedure 2.2 System Information 2.3 Cell Reselection Criteria 3. Cell Reselection without TAU 4. EPS Entity Information: Before/After Cell Reselection without TAU 5. Closing 1. Introduction Through the three compa...

04/23/2014

102,682

Technical Documents

GSMA RCS Blackbird Overview

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Configuration Provisioning 3. Service Capability Discovery 4. One to One Chat 5. Group Chat 6. File Transfer 7. Geolocation Sharing 8. vCard Exchange 9. Contents Sharing 10. Integrated Messaging 11. IP Voice Call (Voice over Wi-Fi Call) 12. IP Video Call 13. Summary 1. Introductio...

01/22/2014

22,722

Technical Documents

Telecoin - A digital identity for the IoT

Thierry Van de Velde Consulting Technology Specialist at Nokia www.linkedin.com/in/thierryvandevelde All Articles by Thierry Van de Velde How to contribute your article to Netmanias.com ! List...

02/12/2018

15,331

Technical Documents

EMM Procedure 10 & 11. Move to Another City and Attach

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. EMM Case 10. Move to Another City 3. EMM Case 11. Initial Attach in Another City 4. EPS Entity Information 5. Closing 1. Introduction UE attempts a handover or cell reselection when the received signal strength from its serving cell becomes weak as it moves. If there is no neighbor cell at all near the travelling UE,...

06/11/2014

91,343

Technical Documents

Understanding the Detailed Operations of DHCP

Table of Contents I. Introduction II. Procedures for Detecting IP Address Conflicts III. DHCP Offer/ACK Messages: Broadcast or Unicast ? IV. State Transition of DHCP Clients I. Overview Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) has been widely adopted as a protocol for allocating network configuration data, including an IP address, dynamically to...

10/30/2013

79,716

Technical Documents

LTE Identification I: UE and ME Identifiers

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Classification of LTE Identification 3. Identifiers for User Equipment (UEI IDs) 4. Identifiers for Mobile Equipement (ME IDs) 5. Closing and References 1. Introduction In LTE network, different IDs are used to identify each entity depending on their relationship with other IDs just like different names and titles ar...

08/20/2013

159,577

Technical Documents

LTE Security I: Concept and Authentication

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. LTE Security Concept 3. LTE Authentication Procedure 4. Closing and References 1. Introduction Wireless communication, in its nature, is always at a risk of eavesdropping or manipulation because data originally sent from/to a user may be received and unlawfully used by an unintended user. Locations or traveling routes...

07/31/2013

222,441

Technical Documents

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