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A case study of building an enterprise private network using Starlink LEO satellites in Japan: ① Starlink + Local 5G ② Starlink + Wi-Fi ③ Starlink + 4G/5G Base Station
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Documents
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Reports
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Technical Documents
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Tech-Blog
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One-Shot Gallery
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Korea ICT News
609
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3,027
STUN (RFC 3489) vs. STUN (RFC 5389/5780)
What are the differences between NAT types defined in RFC 3489 and RFC 5780? To understand the differences to be explained below, you must be familiar with the Mapping Behavior and Filtering Behavior of a NAT that we covered last time. What is STUN? STUN is a protocol that allows two devices (P2P devices) to discover the presence and types of a NAT between them, and to find out what Exte...
10/21/2013
53,737
Technical Documents
LTE QoS (Part 2) - LTE QoS Parameters (QCI, ARP, GBR, MBR and AMBR)
We will look a little bit further into LTE QoS that we discussed last time, and learn what QoS parameters are for. There are two types of EPS bearers: default and dedicated. In the LTE network, the EPS bearer QoS is controlled using the following LTE QoS parameters: ▶ Resource Type: GBR or Non-GBR ▶ QoS Parameters QCI ARP GBR MBR APN-AMBR UE-AMBR Every EPS bearer must...
10/15/2013
391,024
Tech-Blog
DHCP message format
10/11/2013
21,663
One-Shot Gallery
NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) - Part 3. Deterministic...
NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) Part 1. Mapping Behavior Part 2. Filtering Behavior Part 3. Deterministic Properties This is the last post on RFC 4787. 4. Application Level Gateway For information about Application Level Gateways (ALGs), please click here....
10/10/2013
38,453
Technical Documents
Mobile IPTV Services in Korea: Live TV Streaming (2013 Q3)
10/07/2013
49,966
One-Shot Gallery
YouTube, changing the way of delivering videos: Chunking and Adaptive Streaming are In,...
Recently, YouTube has changed/evolved the way it delivers video contents. It used to be a big fan of HTTP progressive download (downloading a video file by a single request just like downloading a data file) until last year. However, from this year, many efforts have been made by YouTube (e.g. switching to chunking and adaptive streaming) for improved video delivery. We will focus on "switching...
10/04/2013
78,082
Tech-Blog
LTE QoS (Part 1) - EPS Bearers and SDF
We will talk about LTE QoS this time. QoS functions provided by any network, whether wired or wireless, are all based on standards (IETF RFC, IEEE 802, 3GPP TS, etc.). They may work differently using different standards depending on whether the network is wired (Ethernet/IP/MPLS) or wireless (LTE/WiBro/Wi-Fi). But, basically what the QoS is about is that traffic quality is guaranteed (i) if...
10/01/2013
85,200
Tech-Blog
DHCP Security Using a DHCP Proxy Agent
Last time when we introduced a DHCP proxy agent through our previous blog post dated in September 1. 2013, we mentioned that this DHCP proxy agent can offer the benefits of enhanced security. So, we will look into these security-related functions in more detail today. As shown in the figure below, if there is a DHCP proxy agent in a network, all DHCP messages (used in IP address allocation...
10/01/2013
51,477
Tech-Blog
LTE GTP Tunnel (2): Today, we will find more about LTE GTP tunnels that we have discuss...
Today, we will find more about LTE GTP tunnels that we have discussed previously. In the Figure below, GTP tunnels are established in the link from the eNB to the S-GW and from the S-GW to the P-GW. Downlink (DL): From PDN (Internet) to UE [1] A packet (Source IP=www.google.com, Destination IP=UE) is sent from the Internet to the P-GW. [2] The P-GW compares the five tuples of...
09/26/2013
61,144
Tech-Blog
Summary of SK Telecom's Mobile IPTV Live Streaming (Full HD/HD/SD over LTE-A)
SK Telecom, the Korean No. 1 telecom operator, launched Btv Mobile service (in SD/HD) offering a variety of live broadcasting and VoD contents for mobile devices in around July 2012. And a year later in July 2013, boosted by the commercialization of LTE-A, it began a "Full HD" streaming service with drastically enhanced video quality. The following is the press release by SK Telecom about its n...
09/24/2013
89,071
Tech-Blog
Analysis of SK Telecom's Mobile IPTV Live Streaming (Full HD, HD and SD over LTE-A)
SK Telecom, the Korean No. 1 telecom operator, launched Btv Mobile service (in SD/HD) offering a variety of live broadcasting and VoD contents for mobile devices in around July 2012. And a year later in July 2013, boosted by the commercialization of LTE-A, it began a "Full HD" streaming service with drastically enhanced video quality. The following is the press release by SK Telecom about its n...
09/24/2013
87,147
Technical Documents
NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) - Part 2. Filtering Beha...
NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) Part 1. Mapping Behavior Part 2. Filtering Behavior Part 3. Deterministic Properties Now that we learned a NAT's mapping behaviors last time, below we will study its filtering behaviors as defined in RFC 4787. For information about the terms used below (Internal En...
09/23/2013
37,055
Technical Documents
LTE EMM and ECM States (Presentation version)
09/20/2013
35,993
Technical Documents
LTE EMM and ECM States
Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. EMM, ECM and RRC States 3. EMM State Transition 4. EMM Features 5. EMM User Information 6. Closing 1. Introduction Through the previous technical documents, we have studied the LTE network architecture and LTE identifications, the fundamentals of LTE technology, and LTE security operation required for a user to...
09/20/2013
294,573
Technical Documents
NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) - Part 1. Mapping Behavior
NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) Part 1. Mapping Behavior Part 2. Filtering Behavior Part 3. Deterministic Properties Many applications like Skype, online games, etc. are all Peer-to-Peer (P2P) applications based on UDP. When running these applications, two devices communicate with each other without a...
09/12/2013
40,171
Technical Documents
LTE GTP Tunnel (1): Today, we will talk about GTP tunnels used in the LTE network
Today, we will talk about GTP tunnels used in the LTE network. As seen in Figure (a) below, IP packets sent by an LTE device (UE) are delivered from an eNB to a P-GW through GTP tunnels. What it means is that "all IP packets that a UE sends are always delivered through an eNB to a P-GW regardless of their specified destination IP addresses (i.e., even though their destination IP addresses a...
09/12/2013
78,972
Tech-Blog
LTE QoS: SDF and EPS Bearer QoS (Presentation version)
09/11/2013
38,198
Technical Documents
LTE QoS: SDF and EPS Bearer QoS
Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. SDF and EPS Bearer 3. QoS Parameters of SDF and EPS Bearer 4. QoS Provisioning and Enforcement 5. An Example for SDF and EPS Bearer QoS 6. Closing 1. Introduction An LTE service provider should be able to make services with different QoS requirements available to its users with different subscription levels. So,...
09/11/2013
371,416
Technical Documents
Netflix HTTP Adaptive Streaming
09/10/2013
28,882
Technical Documents
LG U+ HDTV Service based on LTE-A: Korea's First Successful Adaptive Bit Rate (ABR) Swi...
In our previous post (Analysis of LG U+'s HDTV Streaming (LG U+ HDTV Service based on LTE-A), we discussed how LG U+ Mobile U+ HDTV service delivers video files to a device. Our first actual measurement confirmed that LG U+: used HLS, Apple's adaptive streaming (delivering video files chunkwise, unlike progressive download or RTMP/RTSP); and offered three profiles (quality levels)...
09/09/2013
43,847
Tech-Blog
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