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2013 Content Networking Trends - OTT, Global CDN and Operator CDN

2013 Content Networking Trends - OTT, Global CDN and Operator CDN ♦ Introduction ♦ Trend Analysis The First Video Services by Operators: Walled-Garden IPTV Service The Emergence and Success of OTTs: OTT Internet Video Services Countermeasure by Operators: Wholesale On-Net CDN Countermeasure by Operators: Walled-Garden N-Screen Service Countermeasure by Operators: Tr...

09/04/2013

59,040

Reports

Network Address Translation (NAT) Overview (RFC 3022/2663)

Today, NATs are employed by Korean telecom operators in almost all of their access networks except for wired access networks (FTTH, Ethernet, DSL, etc.). 3G/LTE network: Large Scale NAT (LSN) installed beyond GGSN/P-GW in the 3G/LTE core networks. Also called "Carrier Grade NAT (CGN)". Wi-Fi Hotspot network: NAT implemented in Wi-Fi hotspot AP. Residential network: NAT implemented in su...

09/03/2013

37,476

Technical Documents

Network Address Translation (NAT) Overview (RFC 3022/2663)

09/03/2013

22,438

One-Shot Gallery

What is a DHCP Proxy Agent?

Now that we know what DHCP relay agents are, we will find out another DHCP agent, a DHCP proxy agent today. What a DHCP relay agent does is simply relay broadcast DHCP packets (DHCP Discover/Request) to DHCP server(s) located in other subnets whenever it receives packets from a DHCP client residing in that same subnet. On the other hand, a DHCP proxy agent not only relays the DHCP packets...

09/01/2013

48,484

Tech-Blog

LTE: Tracking Area (TA) and Tracking Area Update (TAU)

This time we will give you a brief overview of an LTE Tracking Area (TA) and Tracking Area Update (TAU). While an LTE device (UE) is in active state (i.e. while communicating, or while in EMM-Registered/ECM-Connected/RRC-Connected state in LTE terms), its location is known by the LTE network at cell level (i.e. on a cell granularity), e.g. in cell2 in eNB1. However, while the UE is in idle...

08/30/2013

253,739

Tech-Blog

LTE Identification III: EPS Session/Bearer Identifiers

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. EPS Session and EPS Bearer: Overview 3. Identifiers for EPS Session/Bearer (Session/Bearer IDs) 4. Summary: Table of LTE Identifiers 5. Closing and References 1. Introduction We have learned about the LTE ID groups such as UE and ME IDs, and Network Equipment (NE) and UE location identifier (location) IDs in LTE Iden...

08/26/2013

245,146

Technical Documents

LTE Identification II: NE and Location Identifiers

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Identifiers for Network Equipment (NE IDs) 3. Identifiers for User Location (Location IDs) 4. Closing and References 1. Introduction In the previous document, “Part I, LTE Identification I” [1], identifications of UE and ME have been described. This document (Part II, LTE Identification II), as the second...

08/26/2013

124,908

Technical Documents

LTE Identification I: UE and ME Identifiers

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Classification of LTE Identification 3. Identifiers for User Equipment (UEI IDs) 4. Identifiers for Mobile Equipement (ME IDs) 5. Closing and References 1. Introduction In LTE network, different IDs are used to identify each entity depending on their relationship with other IDs just like different names and titles ar...

08/20/2013

173,722

Technical Documents

Analysis on Streaming Technology of LG U+ Mobile HDTV (LG U+ HDTV Service based on LTE-A)

On June 10, 2013, LG U+ launched U+ HDTV multi-channel service (U+ tv G 4 Channel Service) that enables users to watch 4 channels at the same time through home STB. Later in July, it introduced the same multi-channel service in a mobile version based on LTE-A. In this post, we will analyze the U+ HDTV streaming on mobile devices that support LTE-A. U+ HDTV service offers two viewing experi...

08/19/2013

80,319

Tech-Blog

Network Architecture for LTE and Wi-Fi Interworking

08/16/2013

58,630

Technical Documents

LTE Security II: NAS and AS Security (Presentation version)

08/05/2013

26,993

Technical Documents

LTE Security II: NAS and AS Security

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. NAS Security 3. AS Security 4. Security Context 5. Closing and References 1. Introduction In LTE Security I[1], Part I of the LTE Security technical document, we have discussed LTE authentication based on EPS AKA procedure and learned a UE and an MME get to share the KASME when authenticated. In this document, w...

08/05/2013

241,103

Technical Documents

What is a DHCP Relay Agent?

We talked about the basic operations of DHCP in our previous blog post, "What is DHCP?”. Today, we will find out what kind of agent a DHCP relay agent is. Generally, DHCP messages are broadcasted. So, in order for the messages to be exchanged between a DHCP client (PC) and DHCP server, both the client and server have to reside on the same subnet. That is because routers do not fo...

08/01/2013

90,207

Tech-Blog

LTE Security I: Concept and Authentication (Presentation version)

07/31/2013

29,334

Technical Documents

LTE Security I: Concept and Authentication

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. LTE Security Concept 3. LTE Authentication Procedure 4. Closing and References 1. Introduction Wireless communication, in its nature, is always at a risk of eavesdropping or manipulation because data originally sent from/to a user may be received and unlawfully used by an unintended user. Locations or traveling routes...

07/31/2013

239,321

Technical Documents

LTE Identification

07/25/2013

21,081

One-Shot Gallery

LTE Network Architecture: Basic

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. LTE Network Architecture Reference Model 3. LTE Protocol Stacks 4. Closing References 1. Introduction This document presents the LTE network architecture as the first technical document of “LTE” area. The LTE network called EPS (Evolved Packet System) is an end-to-end (E2E) all IP network; EPS is...

07/10/2013

408,080

Technical Documents

LTE: User Identifiers - IMSI and GUTI

Today's topic is IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) and GUTI (Globally Unique Temporary Identifier). These two are parameters (identifiers) used in identifying UEs in LTE networks. What is IMSI? IMSI is a unique ID that globally identifies a mobile subscriber. It is composed of two parts, PLMN ID and MSIN, as shown in Figure below. A PLMN ID is an ID that globally identi...

07/10/2013

135,493

Tech-Blog

LTE Authentication and Security over Radio Links

All wireless telecommunication networks (e.g. Wi-Fi, WiBro and LTE provide “user authentication” and “security over radio link (integrity check (protection/verification) and ciphering (or encryption))” features. User authentication is required for network operators to ensure that only those who subscribe to them (i.e. paid subscribers) can access their networks. In wir...

07/05/2013

58,244

Tech-Blog

LTE Network Architecture: Basic

Obviously, the hottest issue in mobile communication today is LTE. All three top telecommunication operators in Korea are trying hard to promote their brands, each containing the technical term "LTE" somewhere, for greater exposure of the brands to the public. So, we will briefly go over what network elements make the LTE network today. The Figure below is an illustration of an LTE Network R...

07/01/2013

48,558

Tech-Blog

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