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7
April 2018 | By Mohamed Abdel Monem @ Vodafone Egypt
5G New Radio (NR) Physical Layer
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5G New Radio (NR) Physical Layer
 
NR is a new air interface that is not backward compatible with LTE, LTE⁃Advanced or LTE⁃Advanced⁃pro.
NR networks can be independently deployed without relying on any 2G, 3G or 4G networks. This means that NR should have a complete set of RAN functionalities to be able to work alone.
Similar to previous generations of cellular networks, NR should have basic frame structure, numerology, initial access procedures, and scheduling for operation.

 

 

Mohamed Abdel Monem 

Radio Optimization Senior

Engineer at Vodafone Egypt

 

6
November 2017 | By Mohamed Abdel Monem @ Vodafone Egypt
LTE Radio Channels
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LTE Radio Channels
 

In order that data can be transported across the LTE radio interface, various "channels" are used. These are used to segregate the different types of data and allow them to be transported across the radio access network in an orderly fashion.
Effectively the different channels provide interfaces to the higher layers within the LTE protocol structure and enable an orderly and defined segregation of the data.

 

 

Mohamed Abdel Monem 

Radio Optimization Senior

Engineer at Vodafone Egypt

 

5
August 2017 | By Mohamed Abdel Monem @ Vodafone Egypt
Difference between 3G and 3.5G
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Difference between 3G and 3.5G
 

The radio resource management (RRM) functionality with HSDPA and HSUPA has experienced changes compared with Release 99. In Release 99 the scheduling control was purely based in the radio network controller (RNC) while in the base station (BTS or Node B in 3GPP terminology) there was mainly a power control related functionality (fast closed loop power control).

 

 

Mohamed Abdel Monem 

Radio Optimization Senior

Engineer at Vodafone Egypt

 

4
July 2017 | By Mohamed Abdel Monem @ Vodafone Egypt
Modulation and Signal Quality at LTE
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Modulation and Signal Quality at LTE
 

Each symbol represents bits depending on the modulation technique, Each data point represents a different bit pattern.  LTE devices use QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM to modulate data and control information.  The eNodeB supports all of these modulation techniques for the Down Link direction. However, 64QAM is optional in the Uplink direction.

 

 

Mohamed Abdel Monem 

Radio Optimization Senior

Engineer at Vodafone Egypt

 

3
July 2017 | By Mohamed Abdel Monem @ Vodafone Egypt
5G Will Enrich the Telecommunication Ecosystem
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5G Will Enrich the Telecommunication Ecosystem
 

In the new exciting era of 5G, new communication requirements pose challenges on existing networks in terms of technologies and business models. The next-generation mobile network must meet diversified demands. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has classified 5G mobile network services into three categories: 
  1- Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB)
  2- Ultra-reliable and Low-latency Communications (uRLLC)
  3- Massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC)

 

 

Mohamed Abdel Monem 

Radio Optimization Senior

Engineer at Vodafone Egypt

 

2
December 2016 | By Mohamed Abdel Monem @ Vodafone Egypt
Channel Element at R99/HSDPA/HSUPA
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Channel Element at R99/HSDPA/HSUPA
 

Channel Element (CE) describes the SW licensed capacity resources required for a dedicated channel (DCH or E-DCH). The number of channel elements required in a RBS is based on the traffic type, and is dependent on the radio bearers to be used, as well as on the number of simultaneous users for each specific radio bearer.

 

 

Mohamed Abdel Monem 

Radio Optimization Senior

Engineer at Vodafone Egypt

 

1
December 2016 | By Mohamed Abdel Monem @ Vodafone Egypt
Why no Soft Handover in LTE ?
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Why no Soft Handover in LTE ?
 

When LTE system was developed one of the big technical feature from UMTS Soft/Softer handover was missing from the architecture. There are many specific reasons why LTE dropped altogether soft handover (connect-before-break) from the system design.

 

Before discussing about why LTE skipped soft handover and only implemented hard handover, let’s check the basic concept of soft/softer handover.

 

 

Mohamed Abdel Monem 

Radio Optimization Senior

Engineer at Vodafone Egypt

 

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